成本计算

It is also tied to the yield to maturity offered on the comparable-maturity treasury security that was most recently issued.

基准利率是利率市场化的重要前提之一，在利率市场化条件下，融资者衡量融资成本，投资者计算投资收益，客观上都要求有一个普遍公认的基准利率水平作参考。

Two major linear random number generators, the linear congruential generator and the multiple recursive generator, have been widely studied and used for many decades. Nowadays, as the price decreasing of computer processors, parallelization of the generators is being concerned for, at least, the computational efficiency purpose.

线性同余法（linear congruential generator，LCG）与k阶乘余法（multiple recursive generator，MRG）至今仍为乱数产生器常使用的两大线性方法；而近日，由於电脑处理器成本下降，平行化计算因而被广泛研究与使用，以改善因分析与模拟资料量与日俱增，电脑运算效率降低之问题。

The method utilizes multi-source,heterogenic sensors to gather data of all kind equipment character and utilizes fuzzy neural network as ex-ecutive institution of diagnosis adjudging to diagnose cause of equipment fault and to assess the equipment running sit uation.

当诊断对象内部结构功能复杂时，为有效判别故障情况必须大量增加检测元件、检测手段以及增加计算复杂度，从而导致故障诊断设备的成本和时间增长。

A method to calculate the locational marginal price and its cost components of electricity in a power network with distributed generation was proposed.

提出了一种考虑分布式发电的节点电价及各成本分量的计算方法。

Design the structure of high performance Low-E film including its material and thickness of every layer according to basic optical theory. Carry out an innovative work to calculate its optical performance by characteristic matrices and optical admittance. Compare the results with those we get by traditional measurement.3. Prepare Low-E films with RF magnetron controlled reactive sputtering. The result shows that in the visible region (380nm-780nm), the highest transmittance is 82.4% while the average value is 75%. In the NIR region (780nm-2500nm), the average transmittance is 16.2%. These characters can fit the demand of the glass used in architecture and cars, and also in other applications.4. We novelly use the material Titanium as protective layer to solve the problem that Ag layer would disappear when depositing the second TiO_2 layer. As the protective layer, Ti does not increase the number of targets so as to lower the costs. The thickness of the protective layer Titanium is adjusted by controlling of sputtering time. Results shows the Low-E films get the best optical character when the sputtering time of Titanium is 20 seconds5. We novelly proposed a new transmittance quality factor Q=_·(?_-__ to evaluate the performances of Low-E films, which makes it easier to judge the qualities of Low-E film.6. The photocatalysis of Titanium dioxides is researched and introduced into Low-E films. Sb-doped TiO_2 thin films are prepared. Its photocatalysis and hydrophilicity are measured.

论文的工作主要有：1、总结了低辐射薄膜的制备方法，性能，以及国内外最新研究进展和应用，并对两种类型的低辐射薄膜进行了比较。2、从光学基本理论开始，设计了离线低辐射薄膜的结构，包括每一层的材料和厚度，并创新性的用特性矩阵和光学导纳理论计算了该离线膜的光学性能，利用软件对其进行了仿真，与实际制备的薄膜所测量的性能相比较。3、完成在实验室仪器上制备低辐射薄膜，掌握其工艺条件，解决了超薄金属膜的制备问题，所制备的低辐射薄膜在可见光区(380hm-780hm)最高可达82.4%，平均透射率为75%；在近红外区(780nm-2500nm)的平均透射率为16.2%，其性能达到建筑物幕墙玻璃，汽车前挡玻璃等应用标准，并为进一步的大规模生产打下基础。4、针对中间银层在镀上层膜时易被氧化这一工艺难题，本研究创新性的提出用Ti膜作为保护膜，没有增加新的靶材，提高了生产效率，并节约了生产成本。

So it's absolutely imperative that you recalculate it as the other costs of doing business change.

所以在其他经营成本发生变化的时候一定要重新计算收支平衡点。

It is suggested that in the assessment of scenic or any other values all quantifiable costs and benefits be computed and tabulated.

这里的建议是在自然景色和其它任何可以计量的价值和收益评估中成本和收益要计算和列表。

You can use the same formulas in reverse to calculate a basis for what your labor costs should be.

&你可以用同样的方式来扭转计算的依据是什麼你的劳动力成本&应该。

Banks have to work out the cost of the damage done by years of easycredit and gorging on complicated financial products.

银行不得不计算出多年放宽信贷条件所造成的损害成本，然后贪婪地大吃错综复杂的金融产品大餐。

Banks have to work out the cost of the damage done by years of easy credit and gorging on complicated financial products.

银行不得不计算出多年放宽信贷条件所造成的损害成本，然后贪婪地大吃错综复杂的金融产品大餐。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。