成本计算

The computational cost is significantly reduced by the proposed method. The numerical results show the exactitude and effectiveness of the reanalysis algorithm.

应用本文提出的方法计算成本显著降低，计算结果显示了该算法的正确性和有效性。

This research which extends the new product supply chain model of Bulter et al. considers issues on global logistics from a more integrated view. First of all, it solves the global logistic settings problem in new product development by means of mixed-integer linear programming. Secondly, it uses the scenario-based robust optimization to lower the risk in the supply chain design. Then it adds the reliability calculation to make up for the gap between the plan and the real operation. At last it calculates and analyzes the quantitative model on the basis of the case data.

本研究延伸Butler等人之新产品供应链模式，考量更完整之全球运筹相关议题，透过混合整数线性规划描述新产品发展时全球运筹配置问题，并利用情境为基础的稳健最佳化以取得低风险的供应链配置，此外加入可靠度的影响，以弥补供应链规划与实际操作的差距，并加入缺货之惩罚成本，最后以范例资料进行计算与分析此数量模式，经由模式计算结果发现本研究规划之结果，相较於原Butler等人之模式有较低的缺货的发生可能性，且所求得之配置整体可靠度皆有所提升。

Organization: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong UniversityAbstract: In recent years, some project construction and design department apply the calculation method of main bridge in the calculation of skew girder bridge for convenience, which creates the project unsafety and uneconomicalness.

摘 要：近年来，一些工程施工和设计单位在对斜梁桥进行计算时，为了方便而采用正桥的计算方法，造成了工程不安全或成本上不经济的问题。

The number of meshing has a great effect on the calculating results and the cost in numerical simulating.

在数值模拟中，有限元网格的数量对计算结果和计算成本都有较大的影响。

The main contents are as follows: Creating finite element model of cradle carriage, top carriage and trail of the howitzer. The structural static stress analysis of are dealt with finite element program system I-DEAS. For accuracy and computation cost, the nonlinear finite element structural dynamics model of the howitzer is created with different elements such as solid elements, shell elements and beam elements.

主要包括以下几个方面工作：建立了该炮摇架、上架和下架的三维有限元静力学模型，并应用I－DEAS有限元软件进行了强度分析；顾及计算准确性和计算成本，应用实体单元、壳单元和梁单元相结合的方法建立了该炮的非线性有限元结构动力学模型。

In the case of continuous operation, the consumption of enzyme, conversion and cost with different number of reaction stages were examined.

对于批式反应，计算了不同浓度底物的水解过程和各种抑制因子对反应过程的影响；对于连续反应，计算了不同级数下的需酶量、转化率和成本消耗。

This article is based on the optimal power flow calculation system optimization, the price in generating cost for target function, through constructing Lagrange equation using matrix calculation, to find the shadow price equation and the proportion of each node determine the price, the coefficient of power transmission and power nodes.

本文是基于最优潮流计算对系统电价最优化，以发电成本为目标函数，通过构建拉格朗日方程，运用矩阵计算对方程求解，寻找影子价格确定各节点电价的比例系数，由此求出节点电价和传输电价。

This design is the design of the belt conveyer, concentrate on low manufacturing costs, simple structure and reliable design which have adopted enumerated data and the design method of advanced belt conveyers while adopting design data and the design method of the belt conveyer of tradition.

摘要本设计为带式输送机的设计，以低制造成本、结构简便、安全可靠为设计宗旨，在采用传统的带式输送机的设计方法、设计数据的同时采用了部分先进的新型带式输送机的计算方法及计算数据。

Most rents in Polish malls are denominated in euros, as are costs for ingredients such as chocolate, coffee and exotic fruits, but earnings come in sharply depreciated zlotys.

波兰大部分购物商城的租金都以欧元计算，就像巧克力、咖啡、热带水果等原材料的成本一样，但利润却是以大幅贬值的兹罗提计算。

Measured by professionals, not including the price of sea freight, iron ore prices rose 65%, while steel costs will increase by 400 yuan per ton in accordance with the the U.S.

由专业人士计算，不包括海运费，铁矿石价格上涨了65％，而钢材成本将增加每吨400元与美元（根据对人民币汇率为1：7.3计算率）。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。