成本效果分析

In the light of cost index and pollution degree, the characteristics of kinds of pulp are analyzed in detail, and the GP pulp which is low cost, high-yield, no-pollution is chosen as the material of tableware. Based on material element analyzed, shaping technology is designed, the to and for single plane shaping equipment which is high shaping quality, high production efficiency and is easy to automatize is chosen. All kinds of measure are taken to solve the problems which are inequality in the shaping process of GP pulp, and dosage which matches with GP pulp is chosen. Some ways of fixing shape and heat up are analyzed, the technology of saving energy of heat pressing to fix shape being composed of oil heat and only one fixed shape in the mold is applied, with which it is high production efficiency, low cost to fix shape effectively, which saves energy 30 percent. In order to make the production line meet with material of GP pulp, measure are taken to solve the problem of pulp adhered to netlike molding which can lead to carry material difficult, the structure of fully automatic equipment is renovated, the loaded beam is optimizationally designed to make equipment structure compactand improve location precision and products quality. According to technologic flow and actual characteristic, Omron PLC is chosen as the core of the control system, proximity switch as detect unit take the place of touch switch, software is designed reasonably according to time order figure, hardware is simplified, the reliability of system is advanced, the stability of system is assured to make production order. Intelligence neuron PID system is studied theoretically which is made up of both neuron with self-organizing and self-learning function and ordinary PID with the characteristic of the simple structure and high stability, which can automatically tune the parameter with the change of system parameter, remain perfect performance.

按成本指标和污染程度分析各浆料的特点，选择低成本、高得率、无污染的磨石机械浆为原料，在原料组分分析的基础上，设计成型工艺，选择成型质量好、生产率高、易实现自动化的往复式单板成型机，采取各种措施解决GP浆成型不均匀的问题及选择与机械浆相匹配的助剂；分析几种定型方式和加热方式，采用定型效果好、生产率高、成本低的油加热与模内一次性定型相结合的热压定型节能技术，节能30％；为了使生产线适应磨石机械浆原料，采取相应措施解决由于粘网造成物料转移困难，对全自动设备结构进行改进设计，着重对物料传送系统的关键部件——承载梁的进行优化设计，使设备更加紧凑合理，提高设备的定位精度和产品质量；根据生产线工艺流程和现场特点，选用OMRON CPM1A型PLC为主核心，接近开关作为检测元件，替代有触点开关，选用可编程终端代替常规面板按扭，并按照时序图科学合理地设计软件，有效地简化系统硬件构成，提高系统的可靠性，保证系统的稳定性，从而使生产更加通畅有序；从理论上探索将神经元应具有的自组织、自学习要求与PID控制结构简单、稳定性好的全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线的研究特点结合起来，构成神经元自适应PID控制器，当参数的变化时，系统能自行参数整定，保持优良的工作性能指标，满足实际需求。

The screening program was composed of two steps:（1） epidemiologicai survey and detection of blood pepsinogen;（2） gastroscopy and biopsy of membrane.

方法采用了三种基本的卫生经济学评价方法：成本一效果分析、成本一效益分析和成本一效用分析。

From January 2007 to December 2007, the samples of this study were the patients who were under 15 years old in alleviated period by purposive sampling. They were divided into two groups:(1) 96 patients participated in the Chinese and western medicine care group;(2) 64 patients participated in the western medicine care group. The SF-36 health questionnaire for pre- and post-tests were administered to all participants. The cost took account of national health insurance apply claims and ratio of hospital's cost and fee.

收案期间为2007年1月1日至12月31日，样本来源分别为中医优质门诊照护计划合作之医疗院所及西医小儿过敏科门诊，采立意取样的方式，年龄为15岁以下由医师确诊为小儿气喘患童，比较其不同治疗模式：接受中西医联合照护组与只接受西医治疗组，在治疗前后测量其生活品质的改变情形，并收集各组健保申报费用及医院成本费用比率资料，最后进行两组成本效果分析比较。

There are some main conclusions of the article. 1.Enterprise inclines to decision-making according to its profit, so constituting and anglicizing green institutions from the view of enterprise will advantage their microcosmic base, then can improve their adaptive abilities and green effects. 2.Government has powers and some potential advantages, but it inheres of some defects, so it should not become the principle parter but the urger, waiter and superintendent of the green transition process. 3.According to social cost and the situation of the social environment, we should adopt a gradual transition stratagem on the whole in the process. 4.We can classify the enterprise green transition into three kinds by the dominant factor in the push-drag-model, push-dominant mode, drag-dominant mode and friction-tight state. Different green policies should giveto different transition mode in odor to getting a good green effect. 5.The costs of enterprise have three levels by the point of view of sustainable development, apparent cost in generation, dormant cost in generation and intergenerational cost. The priority of green system should adjust to the level to which the benefits of the enterprise amount.

本文得出的主要结论有：1、企业具有相机决策的倾向，从企业的角度分析和制定绿色制度可以使政策具有较强的微观基础，进而可以提高它的适应性和绿色效果。2、政府具有暴力潜能，也具有固有的不足，在绿色制度变迁的过程中应该且只能是倡导者、服务者、监督与维护者，而不是主体参与者。3、综合考虑社会成本与社会环境，渐进式的总体推进模式是我国目前较为现实的选择。4、本文建立了企业绿色变迁推拉模型，并根据促使企业绿色转变的主导因素的不同，将企业绿色变迁的模式分为拉力主导型、推力主导型与摩擦状态三种类型，不同的类型应采取不同的绿色政策才能收到良好的绿色效果。5、从可持续发展的角度可以将企业的生产成本分为代内隐性成本、代内显性成本和代际成本三个层次，对于收益处于不同层次的企业，绿色制度的侧重点应有所不同。6、根据企业与政府在绿色制度变迁过程中所起的作用的不同可以将绿色制度变迁分为强制供给型、政府导向型、需求诱导型三种模式。

Then, the paper applies an equal-weighted method in calculating the score which it separates into three levels : the "Bad," the "Fair," and the "Good" and the three corporate governance levels are coded as 0, 1, and 2 respectively. Finally, an ordered probit model is used to analyze significance of possible factors affecting the corporate governance level. The paper empirically reveals that a company's characteristics before the release might have significant influences on the probability of its choice on realizing corporate governance after the release.

首先，本文以「上市上柜公司治理实务守则」作为台湾公司治理实施绩效的评鉴依据，采用检核表方法，搭配权数相等的模式，针对2005年五月份台湾五十指数成分股企业予以评鉴，简单加总后将绩效分数依其大小区分为「0：待改善」、「1：普通」及「2：良好」三类，作为企业公司治理实施绩效水准值；其次，本文采用顺序多重分类模型分析公司治理实施绩效的影响因素，了解实务守则发布前的企业股票流动性、股权集中度、营运资讯取得成本、介入控管利益及董事会规模是否会影响实务守则发布后公司治理的实施绩效，并透过边际效果分析了解其影响方向与程度。

This paper endogens carbon tax and subsidy two variables, discussing how to decide the optimal level of carbon tax and subsidy. The results of the research are obtained as the following:(1) price and capital subsidy which one is priority depend on the productivity of renewable energy capital, if productivity is high enough, then should adopt capital subsidy policy;(2) price and capital subsidy indeed exist trade-off and non-independent relationship;(3) renewable energy regulation ratio has negative effect on carbon tax, however has positive effect on price subsidy;(4) green certificate price increase will result in decrease carbon tax and price subsidy, but increase capital subsidy;(5) if the authority loose the environmental target, then should impose high carbon tax which maintains the environmental quality, but have ambiguous effect on subsidy policy;(6) increasing stability of renewable energy, then increase price subsidy, however, under budget constraint should decrease capital subsidy;(7) analyzing Taiwan's three wind power energy with different price subsidy, which can improve the technology of wind power energy. In another word, it can raise the capacity of wind power energy and reach the goal of renewable energy.

本文考量政府预算限制下，探讨最适碳税税率与补贴率订定之问题，获得如下发现：(1)发电量补贴与资本补贴对促进再生能源发展效果不一样，决定於再生能源资本的生产力，如果资本生产力足够高，则发电量补贴效果较佳；反之，则应优先采行资本补贴措施；(2)发电量补贴与资本补贴的确存在抵换而非独立关系，亦即在政府预算限制下，为促进再生能源发展，应将种种补贴措施整合考量，以最低行政成本达到再生能源发展目标；(3)再生能源管制配比与碳税税率及资本补贴率呈反向变化关系；而与发电量补贴呈正向关系；(4)绿色权证交易制度具促进再生能源管制目标达到之奖励效果，因此，绿色权证价格提高可降低发电量补贴及碳税税率，降低碳税对经济不利冲击效果；(5)政府如果采行较宽松环境目标，宜提高碳税税率，避免环境品质进一步恶化，然而，对发电量或资本补贴之影响效果不确定；(6)再生能源发电效率愈高，则应提高再生能源发电补贴，在预算限制下，应降低再生能源资本补贴；(7)透过台湾三座风力机组的实证分析，采取差异性发电量补贴，将可诱导较高效率风力机组的投资行为，提高整体风力发电效率，达到再生能源发展之目标。

Evaluation of different herbicides on the growth of sisal hemp showed that 85% Dowpons (8kg/ha) plus 2-4-D (2kg/ha) or 80% Kamex (2kg/ha) plus 2-4-D (2kg/ha) increased the fiber production by 13 and 20% in comparing with the hand-weeding treatment; 58 and 68% for the non-till treatment, respectively, Furthermore, approximately 5,000 N. T. Dollars of the labor cost can be saved if both herbicides were used.

各处理间对杀草效果，成本分析及对琼麻生长之评价，发现喷施混合药剂之B处理每公顷使用85% Dowpons 8 kg加2-4-D 2kg或D处理每公顷使用80% Kamex 2 kg杀草效果较佳，且比人工除草区各自增产13和20%，比不除草区各自增产58和68%，同时每公顷较人工除草区节省生产成本4，696和5，400元。

Key words:Gatifloxacin;Levofloxacin; Urinary system infection; Costeffectiveness analysis

关键词］加替沙星；左氧氟沙星；泌尿系统感染；成本-效果分析

Application of pint-size surface casing in the Course of Drilling in Bamianhe Oilfield is successful by the contrast of before surface casing and the present pint-size surface casing ,as well as practical effect in production.

通过对以往钻井表层套管和目前小尺寸表层套管的对比，以及在实际生产中的效果分析，表明小尺寸表层套管在八面河油田钻井的应用是成功的，在满足地质、采油、作业需要的同时节约了钻井成本。

The cost and economic benefits of the hot metal desulphurization with slag skimming are introduced.

论述了鞍钢铁水脱硫系统在生产中的应用以及它所产生的冶金效果，并分析了钙—镁粉剂脱硫的技术优点和技术工艺过程对脱硫效果的影响，特别分析了鞍钢脱硫扒渣的成本及所产生的经济效

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。