成本

As two main roles that dominate IC testing cost, tester and handlershould all contribute their own maximum capacities in order to achieve the objective oftest cost reduction.

作为控制着半导体产品测试成本的两个主要因素，测试系统和测试机都应该尽量达到它的最大能力，以达到降低产品测试成本的目的。

Automobile industry. Our primary goal is to present a framework that enables one to obtain estimates of demand and cost parameters for a class of oligopolistic differentiated products markets.

我们主要的目的是提供一种框架，这个框架能够使一个人能够评估针需求和成本参数，这个需求和成本参数是针对不同产品市场的市场垄断者的。

Ef- forts. Some is primary, such as the mode of cost pool management, the corn- parison and evaluation of the typical mode of cost management

因此本文的研究工作不仅丰富了现有的成本管理理论，对成本管理实践工作也具有一定的指导和促进作用。

Since purchase has played a significant role in running costs of petrolic enterprises and it is also the key factor for petrolic enterprises to gain competitive edge, it is of great significance to study low-cost purchasing strategies and apply right strategies to purchasing management.

由于采购在油田企业的成本中占很大的比例，是油田企业获得竞争优势的重要领域，研究降低油田企业的物资采购成本，将正确的采购策略运用于油田企业的采购管理中具有非常重要的意义。

That is at least double what a coal-burning power plant would cost, and Mr. Romm said that it was only the preconstruction estimate of an industry famous for cost overruns.

这是说，至少有一倍一座燃煤电厂的成本，罗姆先生说这只是一个著名的行业的预先成本超支现象。

The traditional logistics cost precontrol is mainly cost pre-decision-making and rarely involved logistic strategic analysis.

传统的物流成本事前控制主要是对成本进行预决策等，很少涉及物流战略分析。

Through his portrayal of Ashurst's personality, his limitation revealed. On one hand he had realized the declining capitalist society; on the other hand, he intended to defend his own class. Pity and chivalry were just tools that he used to prettify the bourgeois.

经由过程他对阿舍斯特征格的刻画，他的阶级范围性也浮现了出来：他一方面已经了解到了陈旧陈腐式微的成本主义社会，并大胆的把它展现出来；另一方面他力争拯救成本主义轨制，为本阶级探求出路。

The world's twentieth-century shift to high chemical-input farming was facilitated by high labor costs and low input costs, including land and chemicals, as well as a shift away from a stewardship approach to a productionist outlook, and it has been enabled by the economic treatment of environmental degradation and pesticide contaminations as externalities, rather than as costs of production.

二十世纪，世界上的农业转向高化学产品投入，它依靠高人力成本和低投入费用辅助，利用土地和化学产品，以及从管理工作方法到生产者前景转变，同时，它由环境退化和杀虫剂污染的经济处理作为外在形式，而不是作为生产成本。

When researching the producer's behavior,such as factor input and output efficiency,using product function or cost function,researchers frequently ignore the economic inefficiency and assume that the productor can attain the production possibility frontier.

通常采用生产函数或成本函数研究生产者行为时，一般默认生产者总是在生产可能性边界安排生产，而忽略了由于产出的经济无效率所造成的偏差，这种偏差最终会影响要素替代弹性、要素最优配置及产出效率的准确测度。本文采用面板模型的三要素成本函数循环参数估计法，通过施加规模报酬不变的假设，估算了辽宁省工业部门二类行业的相对技术无效率、配置无效率程度及要素间的相对价格扭曲，并计算了资本、劳动、能源要素间的交叉替代弹性。

Participating in the establishing of cost analysis model and cost analysis system of BBDC Standards / develop guidelines ,identify standards in different functional areas, build up knowledge management/ terms of refence

参与建立成本分析模型，构建BBDC成本分析系统，标准/发展规范，设立不同职能的标准，建立知识管理/参考

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。