成本

First, the information revolution hashelped to unbundle existing companies. In 1937 Ronald Coase argued, inhis path-breaking article on "The Nature of the Firm", that companiesmake economic sense when the bureaucratic cost of performingtransactions under one roof is less than the cost of doing the samething through the market.

第一，信息革命促使已有的公司瓦解。1937年，Ronald Coase在他里程碑的文章"公司的本质"中认为：当在公司里执行交易的官僚成本低于在市场中做同样一件事情的成本时，公司（译者注：这里是成立一家公司，company有合伙，联合伙伴的意思）就有经济意义了。

It reallocate the risk and revenue that are unconsidered in the past transaction by the participation of the third part. This institution will bring about the cost inevitably, Which leads to a new concept: recall cost.

中文摘要：召回制度是由政府强制推动执行的一种管理缺陷产品的制度安排，他是通过第三方介入来对过去交易过程中未加考虑的风险和收益重新分配的制度安排，这种制度安排不可避免会涉及到成本问题，从而引致出了一个新的概念：召回成本。

You are paying more payments, so be sure to compare the total cost of repaying your unconsolidated loans with the cost of repaying them through the consolidation loan.

你要多花费所以一定要偿还的总成本贵，比较松散偿还贷款的成本，通过合并贷款。

The case against buyers of sovereign CDSs is that by driving up the price of insuring against default, they cause spreads on underlying cash bonds to widen, making borrowing more expensive and bringing default—and a big payout—closer.

反对主权信用违约互换购买者的理由是，抬高了对违约保险的价格，这引起优先现金债券的利差扩大，使贷款成本加大，使得违约风险更近——因为贷款成本加大而产生一大比支出。

There are some flaw in L-Phe production inland, such as underproduction and in miniature. So it is an main research subject to reduce the cost of L-Phe separation.

目前我国L-苯丙氨酸生产规模小、成本高，而降低L-苯丙氨酸生产中的成品分离纯化成本是当前的重要课题。

An entrepreneur, who has to reach a practical decision as to his scale of production, does not, of course, entertain a single undoubting expectation of what the sale-proceeds of a given output will be, but several hypothetical expectations held with varying degrees of probability and definiteness.

据上所述，在技术，资源和单位就业量的要素成本既定的情形下，每一单个厂商和行业以及整个社会的就业量取决于企业家预期能从相应产出35中获取的收益额，因为企业家会尽力把就业量固定在能使预期收益超过要素成本的部分最大化的水平。

In a transportation network supported by the Advanced Traveler Information Systems,the drivers equipped with ATIS are directed by a control center to select their routes so as to minimize the total network travel time,while the unequipped ones make the route choice decisions on the base of minimizing their individual travel times.

考虑一个被路径诱导系统支持的交通网络，装有ATIS的出行者接受交通中心的指挥、按照系统最优的原则选择路径，没有该装置的出行者根据个人成本最小的原则择路，建立了刻画这种混合交通行为的变分不等式模型，推导了混合交通行为网络的效率损失上界，并以多项式路段成本函数为例给出了一些上界的特殊值。

For large,flat deposits,With fairly uniform cover of moderate depth.the problem is simple,as the cost per ton of ore for excess stripping to provide safe slopse around the pit is so small that errors in its estimation are unimportant.

For大，单位存款相当温和depth.the统一的问题包括，成本差异的优点是简单，由于每吨矿石的超重剥离，以提供安全slopse坑周围的成本是如此之小，在其估计误差unimportant。

This paper chooses timeliness of accounting earnings as the representative of information quality,and investigates how corporate governance structures vary with it.The hypotheses predicts that for firms with relatively uninformative earnings, the characteristics of their corporate governance structures will be those that assist costly monitoring activities by shareholders and directors to make up for the inadequacy of earnings.

本文选取会计盈余及时性作为会计信息质量的替代变量，旨在探讨上市公司会计盈余及时性对公司治理结构的影响，考察当会计数字较无法捕捉公司全部经济价值时，公司治理结构是否会因此偏向那些能够协助股东和董事进行高成本监督活动的治理结构，以弥补会计信息在降低代理成本表现中的不足。

A cost unit is a unit of produce or service to which costs can be related.

成本单位是一个将有关联的产品和服务成本集中成的单位。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。