成本

In chapter one, a review for the trade of urban rail traffic is performed with respects to the developing histories and trend, mode, light rails, vehicle type and so on; In chapter two, a set of contradistinctive analyses between the domestic and the overseas are carried out at aspects of equipment, density of line net, build cost and so on. In chapter three, the competitive status among existing enterprises for urban rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing in our country is analyzed by Potter model; In chapter four, questions that should be paid attention to and strategies in course of our country's urban rail traffic building are provided mainly in terms of plan, cost, construction investment and operation, selection of system type, safety of building process and so on.

本文第一章主要从轨道交通的发展历史、模式、轻轨、车辆类型、发展趋势等方面对城市轨道交通行业的发展作了一个回顾；第二章主要是从设备、线网密度、建设成本等六个方面对国内外城市轨道交通进行了一个对比分析；第三章主要是利用波特模型对我国现有的城市轨道交通车辆设备生产企业之间的竞争状况进行了分析；第四章主要从规划、成本、建设投资和运营、系统类型选择、建设过程安全等方面提出了我国在城市轨道交通建设过程中应该注意的问题和对策。

Construction project cost control is the most important element among the three main control of construction project .

建筑工程项目成本控制是工程的三大控制中较重要的一项因素。因为建设工程项目成本控制工作的好坏，将直接决定了工程的盈利与否。

In this paper the allocation of fixed cost of interconnected multi-area power network is investigated and a cooperative game model for the allocation of fixed cost is given.

探讨了电力市场环境下多区域互联电网固定成本的分摊问题，给出了固定成本分摊的合作博弈模型。

I have been counting inflation, is not this brochure editor of copperplate paper costs and printing costs, only estimates of their mailing costs: a one yuan, 1 million members to spend 1 million yuan on the mailing costs.

我曾算过账，不算这本铜版纸宣传册的编辑成本和印刷成本，仅测算其邮寄费用：以1元一份计算，100万会员就需花费100万元的邮寄费。反思一下，我们能做到吗？

The low corporality cost of inquisition by torture is based on the man's instinct trepidation towards sense of corporal pain. The low punitive cost of inquisition by torture is because of its comparatively light legal and penal punishment based on the relatively close crime environment.

刑讯逼供犯罪的物质性成本低，是因为其利用的是人对肉体痛感的本能恐惧；惩罚性成本低，是因为其法定刑较低，惩罚力度不足，以及因犯罪发生在相对封闭的环境之内而导致惩罚概率低。

The identify principles and measurement approaches of environmental elements are different from traditional accounting system, particular identify principles and measurement approaches should be adopted and corresponding accounting account should also be set up to reflect and record environmental events. Especially, a detailed study has been done on enterprise environmental cost in the paper.

应采用与传统会计不同的确认原则和特殊的计量方法，并设置相应的会计帐户以反映和记录企业发生的环境事项，本文针对我国企业的实际情况和迫切要解决的问题，对企业环境成本进行了深入的研究，提出了企业环境成本的计算框架，并给出了案例分析。

This text introduce the method of share the cost of the products Exergy according to the ability class into the study of the cchp system elementary, contact Exergy cost with the energy quality of the product organically, clearly give the cost absorption equation of the method of share the cost according to the ability class, and apply in the engineering practice, give the cchp system a thermal economics analysis completely, incarnate equitable economical principle of settling the price according to the quality, make the analytical result of the thermal economics have science and rationalities, provide the basis and path for the further studying and discussing.

文中初步将按能级分摊产品火用成本法引入到热电冷三联产的综合能源供应系统的分析研究中，有机地将火用成本与产品的能量品质联系起来，明确地给出了按能级分摊的成本分摊方程，并应用于工程实际中，全面对热电冷联产系统的热经济性进行评价，体现了按质论价的公平经济性原则，使热经济学分析结果更具有科学性和合理性，为进一步深入研讨提供了依据和途径。

Administrative cost of accountant and permissive administrative cost etc.

会计行政成本与渗透性行政成本等等。

A cost accountant develops and directs systems so that costs can be recorded and analysed to work out each unit cost.

成本会计的发展和指挥系统，使成本可记录和分析，以制定出每个单位的成本。

The article first reviewed has analyzed our country cost management accountant more than 50 years development and the application present situation, had pointed out in its foundation our country cost management accountant existed the question and has carried on the profound analysis, how simultaneously to solve these problems to carry on the detailed elaboration.

文章首先回顾分析了我国成本管理会计五十多年的发展及应用现状，在其基础上指出了我国成本管理会计存在的问题并进行了深刻的剖析，同时对如何解决这些问题进行了详细论述。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。