成本

This paper analyzed the air-conditioning system of one specific office building in Beijing, calculating the costs of unit cold and heat exergy and the unit cold and heat capacity of adopting GSHP system and air source heat pump system separately. With these numbers as standard for evaluation and comparison, it supports the conclusion that adopting GSHP system is better than adopting air source heat pump system and the heat economics analyzing method is more accurate than that based on energy.

以北京某一办公楼建筑空调系统为背景，选用地源热泵系统和风冷热泵系统两种方案，具体计算出二者的单位冷火用成本和单位冷热量成本，并以此作为评价指标，经分析比较，得出地源热泵系统方案要优于风冷热泵系统方案；以火用为基础的热经济学分析法要比以能为基础的分析法更全面准确。

Researching the state of the administrative cost has a very grand significance for enhancing the cost sense of all levels of the party and administrative leaders and all the civil servants, fulfilling their own responsibility canonically, reducing any unnecessary expenses, completing the reform of the administrative system successfully, improving the reign abilities and levels of the government, changing the government function, improv...

全面系统的研究我国政府的行政成本状况，对强化各级党政领导和全体公务员的成本意识、规范的履行职责、减少各种不必要的开支，对顺利完成行政管理体制改革目标、提高政府执政能力和水平、转变政府职能、提升政府绩效、建设节约社会与和谐社会将具有重大意义。

Wei Zhe ever expressed before this, american economy is low confuse apparently possible meeting to bring about exit company production value to grow speed to put delay, but the electronic commerce industry that the on the other hand is and so on of the Baba in A created a brand-new opportunity -- its cheap cost advantage and trade capaciously the network is these enterprises drop the cost, optimal option that enlarges sale channel.

卫哲此前曾表示，美国经济低迷表面上有可能会导致出口型企业产值增长速度放缓，但在另一方面为阿里巴巴之类的电子商务企业创造了一个全新的机会——其低廉的成本优势和广阔的交易网络是这些企业降低成本、扩大销售渠道的最佳选择。

Authorities shall consider all available evidence on the proper allocation of costs, including that which is made available by the exporter or producer in the course of the investigation provided that such allocations have been historically utilized by the exporter or producer, in particular in relation to establishing appropriate amortization and depreciation periods and allowances for capital expenditures and other development costs.

主管机关应考虑关于成本适当分摊的所有可获得的证据，包括出口商或生产者在调查过程中提供的证据，只要此类分摊方法是出口商或生产者一贯延续使用的，特别是关于确定资本支出和其他开发成本的适当摊销和折旧期限及备抵的证据。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

This is because a flight operating costs are relatively fixed, a plane carrying more passengers free of charge and will not cause a significant increase in costs, on the contrary, he may use during flight of the paid services, will enable the company to obtain an additional income .

这是因为一个航班的运营成本是相对固定的，机上多搭载一名免费旅客并不会令成本显着增加，相反他在飞行期间可能使用的各项付费服务，将令公司获得一笔额外收入。

In order to reduce production cost of ceramal friction material,the cost optimization solution for Cu-base ceramal friction material is introduced,and the effect of the optimization solution on performance of the friction material is studied.

为降低金属陶瓷摩擦材料的制造成本，介绍了Cu基金属陶瓷摩擦材料成本优化方案，并研究了优化方案对Cu基金属陶瓷摩擦材料性能的影响。

Transportation is the most important part in modern logistics and freight is the important cost index in supply chain and logistic system. Therefore a successful logistic distribution system must have a transportation network with high efficiency, low transportation cost and quick reaction. With the development of e-business and door-to-door service, the importance of transportation distribution network becomes more and more obvious in manufacturing, retailing and modern logistics enterprises.

运输是现代物流中的最重要部分，运输费用是构成供应链和物流体系的重要成本指标，一个成功的物流配送体系必然离不开一个高效率、低运输成本和高反应能力的运输网络，随着电子商务和送货上门服务的发展，运输配送网络在制造业、零售业和现代物流企业中的重要地位越来越明显。

Apply OLAP multi-dimensional data collection and analysis technology, Ontology integrated exchange network technology and dynamic course mode technology to establish a network disposal system for producing process on a dynamic cost control basis in line with the dynamic cost and as well as the characteristic of energy consumption and material consumption including many variable coupling, nonlinearity and changeableness in the engendering course of the electromagnetic wire.

针对电磁线生产过程中动态成本与生产过程的能耗、物耗等具有多变量耦合性、非线性、不确定性等多种因素的特点，运用OLAP多维数据采集/分析技术、Ontology集成交换网络技术和过程动态模型技术，建立符合电磁线制造企业的基于动态成本控制的生产管理系统。

Furthermore, it is also important to apply a degree of circumspection in cost-benefit

效率。此外，由于通常根据市场现价进行成本效益计算，因此，仔细进行成本效益计算也很重要。在评估

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。