成本

Light rail and subway development cost and time cost of transport cost changes.

轻轨和地铁的发展成本和时间成本，运输成本的变化。

It is directly related to the development and exist of the enterprise. Seen from the dog-eat-dog market and the states of the coal enterprise. It is a logjam way to improve the price and increase the output of coal, but there is only way to improve the economical efficiently of coal through controlling the cost. But, on controlling of the cost, there is a great limitation in traditional product-centered cost calculation system.

从激烈的市场和煤炭企业自身的情况看，煤炭企业提高价格和提高产量的方法是行不通的，只有通过内部自身进行有效的控制成本才是提高煤炭企业经济利益的根本途径，而在控制成本方面，传统的以"产品"为中心的成本核算体系存在很大的局限性。

Watch company general manager, Chen Malian:"Time is an asset, technical work is an asset. But these costs can be measured. But if we can blaze this trail for others, I think -- this is what we would most like to achieve."

钟表公司总经理陈玛莲：「它是时间成本、技术成本，这个成本是可计量的，但是如果能藉这个地方投石问路，我想这才是我们想得到的东西。

In view of capital cost, under the function of tax, not only enterprises' financing channels determine capital cost, but also do the distribution of marginal profit.

就资本成本看，在税收的作用下，不仅企业的融资手段决定资本成本的大小，边际利润的分配方式也与资本成本的大小有关。

We adopt mass-production and advanced equipment to control purchasing cost and enterprise cost in order that our costumers in their best interest.

四、成本控制优势采用规模生产、控制采购成本、先进设备等方式控制了企业的成本，让客户得到最大的利益保证

The result shows that, the Direct Power Supply Model is inexorable selection of the whole social and economic development and the Yangtze River Power Corporation development. It also assesses one proposed strategy and finds that the active participation in price competition for networking, may help display the obvious low cost advantage of the hydropower enterprise, and the strive for direct power supply may afford more opportunity for the low cost enterprise to touch some of the end users. This not only helps to break the monopolized (currently an actually single agent) power purchase system, but also creates a policy advantage which helps the local areas to directly use the local water resources to develop large industries (for adjusting the industrial structure, increasing employment and especially for the relocation of emigrants). It also helps to develop the regional economy. Besides, this strategy will also promote the cooperation with other related enterprises, and thus promote the development of a multiple-element industry. Because the Direct Power Supply Model can make the low cost hydropower firm master partly terminal customers, then it is a normous chance for the low cost hydropower firm.

研究结果表明，直供电商业经营模式是中国整个社会经济发展和长江电力公司企业发展的必然要求和选择，在理论和实践也是切实可行的；直供电商业模式不局限于定向"电力公司"——电网购电客户，也应可约定直接向大用户，这样可以使低成本的水电公司有机会掌握部分终端客户，这除了可以打破当前实质上的单一主体的垄断购电体制外，还可以为直接利用当地水能资源、发展大工业、调整产业结构、增加就业尤其是安置移民、进而创造相当的政策性优势，进而促进区域经济发展，同时，还将有利于促进本企业与有关企业合作，发展相关多元化产业；由于直供电商业经营模式可以让低成本的水电公司掌握部分终端客户，所以对低成本的水电公司是一个巨大的机遇。

Cost composition in Refinery of JCIC, changing trend and reason of same factors in cost composition are analyzed deeply, using to grasp key minor point principle to major lactois eirecting on cost are find out as materiel loss and manufacturing cost.

文章解剖了吉化炼油厂的成本构成，详细分析成本构成诸因素近几年的变化趋势和原因，运用抓住"关键的少数"原理，找出影响成本的两个主要因素，即物料损失和制造费用。

It is found that the manufacturer will not misreport her manufacturing cost when she is the leader of the supply chain. However, when the retailer is the leader, and he varies his order quantity according to the manufacturer's wholesale price, which is termed as retailer's sensitivity to manufacturer's wholesale price, research results show that the manufacturer will overstate her manufacturing cost, and this misreporting behavior will lower the efficiency of the supply chain.

当制造商处于领导者地位时，制造商不会谎报其生产成本；当零售商利用订货量对批发价格具有敏感性作为应对制造商谎报成本的一种可能的应对措施并处于领导者地位时，制造商会谎报其生产成本，谎报导致供应链的效率降低。

Embarks from the monocycle stock model main consideration cost element, through the expectation loses smallest method and expectation profit biggest method realizes to the monocycle stock model in the stockout cost and the expired cost control,then determination best volume of order.

从单周期库存模型主要考虑的成本因素出发，通过期望损失最小法和期望利润最大法实现对单周期库存模型中缺货成本和过期成本的控制，从而确定最佳订货量。

Three types of acquisition costs are identified:(1) the net price or financial cost of the vehicle,(2) its maintenance costs, and (3) its cost of operation.

确定了三种类型的购置成本：（1）一辆汽车的净价格或融资成本；（2）维护费用；（3）运行成本。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。