成本

The internalizing methods in America, Japan and European countries were introduced in the thesis, and the applicability of all the methods was analysed demonstratively. Three instruments adapted to Chinese situations were brought forward as follows:a Tax on the heavy polluted traffic modes; b Charge on the obviously unreasonable transport distances; c offer transport subsidies with the taxes and fares to the modes with low external cost.

文中重点介绍了美国、日本和欧洲国家运输业外部成本内部化的途径，并对各种措施在我国的适用性进行了实证性分析，提出以下三种适合我国国情的运输业外部成本内部化的方法以供参考：(1)对污染大的运输方式征收一定的税费；(2)对明显不合理的运输范围收取费用；(3)将征收的税费补贴给外部成本低的运输方式。

Depreciable assets are normally shown at their original cost. The accumulated portion of the cost taken as depreciation to date is subtracted from its original cost to obtain the book value of the asset.

应折旧的资产通常是按原始成本列示的，作为至今为止的折旧而注销的那部分累计成本，应从各相关的原始成本中减去，以得出其账面价值。

However, not only will they have to pay for the cost of depredation during the process, but the cost for destroying resources as well, that is , environmental cost .

然而掠夺资源的过程中不仅要付出掠夺的成本，也要付出破坏资源的成本，也就是说环境成本。

We analyzed the cost of producing water in water-supply plants in small western towns based on the cost structure analysis and the cost model of investment index, and subsequently derived the unit cost for producing water.

最后，在分析成本构成的基础上，结合投资指标费用模型，对西部小城镇供水厂站的制水成本进行了分析，得到了西部小城镇供水厂站的单位制水成本。

If the operator does not grasp now market development this trend, cannot manage the modernized management to take develops diligently goal, if the operator does not grasp the market development this to be unable to cause the management detachably now, the source of wealth to be luxuriant, uses the advanced data bank administration software management, may solve puzzle enterprise information questions and so on work security, reliability, single plane/Uses under the advanced number network environment the running rate to be quicker, the performance is stapler, data exchange speed even more quickly, accurate, running rate to be possible to hold the many client side concurrent operation quickly.

在此基础上现在有很多的商品批发商还是用手工出货，进货，计算，统计，那么成本方面和效率方面一定不高，如果达到以最小的成本得到最大的利润，那么一定需要选择科学，自动的管理方式。经营者如果不掌握当今市场发展的这一走向，就不能将现代化经营方式作为努力开拓的目标，就无法科学经营管理，让自己财源茂盛。如果采用先进的数据库管理软件管理，可以解决困扰企业信息化工作高成本、低产出、安全性、可靠性等问题，计算机/网络的管理软件运行速度快，性能更稳定，数据交换速度更加快捷、准确，可容纳多个客户端同时操作。

Table about Characteristics of Each Cost and Benefit Item of Monetary Union" is summarized;"Common Benefits" and "Long-term Benefits" of monetary union are emphasized;"Improved Cost-benefit Conditions is presented- Regarding to EMU, we argue mat economic net benefit is sufficient to justify EMU. Then the diesis constructs a simple macro game model to capture the interactions of two countries deciding to form a monetary union.

论文接下来将针对这些不足，从国家利益角度对货币同盟各项收益和成本作出进一步全面细致分析，提出"货币同盟各项收益成本特征的综合分析归纳表"，归纳出"共同利益"和"长远利益"，并提出"改进了的成本收益条件"。

When production costs fluctuate and yet,at the same time,selling price can not be adjusted because it is determined by the equilibrium of the entire market,at the aggregate level,where different players have different cost advantages in different products and processes. We show that the variational inequality approach is suitable for dealing with this differential game.

当产品生产成本大幅波动时，产品的销售价格并不能完全的由单独的生产商随意根据自身成本变动调整，因为在寡头垄断市场中，产品的最终售价须由市场的所有参与者共同确定，而不同的厂商在不同的产品与工艺流程中有不同的竞争成本优势。

Well-known, the cost component of project project is direct cost and overhead costs.

众所周知，工程项目的成本分为直接成本和间接成本。

So it is able to reduce the cost of logistics system effectively if inventory cost and distribution cost can be reduced.

如果能降低库存成本与配送成本，就能有效地降低物流成本。

Dominant cost, the cost strategy focused on seeking reasonable enables companies to maximize the value of the cost level.

对显性成本，成本战略侧重于寻求合理的能够使公司的价值得到最大化的成本水平。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。