成星形细胞

Objective: To evaluate the value of apparent diffusion coefficients in Magnetic Resonance diffusion weighted imaging with echo-planar technique in depicting the tumor cellularity and grading of astrocytomas.

目的：运用磁共振弥散加权成像技术评估近似弥散系数在星形细胞瘤的细胞密度和病理分级中的作用。

Materials and Methods: To report MRI of tumor-like cerebritis on nine cases, and compare with Contrast Enhancement MRI findings of intracranical astrocytomas on eighteen cases.

材料和方法：报告9例肿瘤样脑炎的MRI所见，并与18例脑星形细胞瘤的增强磁共振成像表现进行对比分析。

Objective:To correlatively study the relationship between the water diffusion parameters measured using diffusion tensor imaging and the histological malignancy of astrocytoma.

目的：探讨扩散张量成像测量水分子扩散状态的参数相对值与星形细胞瘤恶性程度之间的相关性。

RT-PCR and immunofluorescence cytochemistry analysis was used to assess the differentiation.

结果：经诱导后，成肌细胞在形态上类似于神经元和星形胶质细胞。

Objective: To evaluate CT perfusion imaging in preoperative grading of astrocytomas.

目的：评价CT灌注成像在星形细胞瘤术前分级中的应用价值。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Results 5 cases of ependymocytoma, 3 cases of astrocytoma, 1 medulloblastoma hemangioblastoma in 10 cases of intra-medullary tumor; 36 cases of neurogenic tumor, 11 cases of spinal meningioma in 47 cases of subdural extramedullary tumor; 2 cases of neurogenic tumor strided over scleromeninx;2 cases of extradural metastatic tumor, 1 cestodiasis, 2 cases of epidural hematoma, which were mistaken for hemangioma before surgical operation and 1 vascular malformation in 4 cases of intraspinal nontumorous occupying lesion.

结果：10例髓内肿瘤中，室管膜瘤5例；星形细胞瘤3例；血管母细胞瘤1例；成神经管细胞瘤1例。47例脊髓外硬膜下肿瘤中，神经源性肿瘤36例；脊膜瘤11例。2例跨硬膜内外生长的神经源性肿瘤2例。硬膜外的转移瘤2例。4例椎管内非肿瘤性占位性病变中，椎管内绦虫病1例；硬膜外血肿2例，术前误为血管瘤；血管畸形1例。

Results Most OECs were bipolar or tripolar, and the purity was estimated to be over 88.7%. The non-OECs cells consists of astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes and fibroblas.

结果 体外培养的新生小鼠嗅鞘细胞主要为双极或三极细胞，其纯度可以达到88.7%以上，污染细胞中有星形胶质细胞、神经元、少突胶质细胞和成纤维细胞。

Objective To investigate the clinical usefulness of DTI multiple parameter and diffusion tenser tracting in astrocytomas.

目的 探讨磁共振扩散张量成像多参数综合分析及扩散张量纤维束成像在星形细胞瘤临床分级中的应用价值。

Objective To explore the value of diffusion weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis between viral encephalitis, cerebral infarctions and low grade astrocytomas.

目的探讨扩散加权成像对病毒性脑炎、脑梗死和脑低级星形细胞瘤的鉴别诊断价值。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。