成文法

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

German law constructs systematic corporate group law, which legalizes the controlling within the group on one hand, and requests the controlling undertaking balance the deficit of the controlled or compensates the damages suffered by the controlled on the other hand.

德国法构筑了体系完整的企业集团成文法，一方面通过企业合同制度和企业归附制度使企业集团内的控制合法化，另一方面又要求支配企业承担从属企业的亏损或进行其他利益补偿或平衡。

A person is guilty of the offence of aggravated dangerous occasioning death if the person committed the offence of dangerous occasioning death in circumstances of aggravation.

网络上对此争论颇多，本人虽然在国内上了四年本科，但是对成文法理解比较肤浅，再加上荒废很久，实在不敢在此做出非此即彼的判断。

Discussion of CPAs' liability is best prefaced by a definition of some of the common terms of business law.

成文法是指已有政府机构采用的有文书的法律法规。

Rules of Co truction（1） The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law are to be strictly co trued shall have no a lication to this act.

第四条 解释规则（1）对背离普通法的成文法必须予以严格解释的规则不适用于本法。

All these enactments, though stringent enough as regards ordinary circumstances, make exception for urgent necessity.

所有这些成文法，虽然不够严格至于一般的情况下，作出例外迫切需要。

The significant feature about these enactments is that they do not introduce confession as a new practice, but take it for granted and regulate its administration.

显着特点，这些成文法的是，他们不引进自白作为一种新的做法，但认为理所当然，并规范其管理。

The commanding wisdom of his enactments, the dignity of his position as the founder of the nation and the first of prophets, enforce his utterances.

指挥员的智慧，他的成文法，人的尊严，他的立场，作为创始人之一，国家和首先先知，执行他的言论。

From the commencement to the close of its history, the expositors of Roman Law consistently employed language which implied that the body of their system rested on the Twelve Decimvir Tables, and therefore on a basis of written law.

从罗马法历史的开始到结束，它的释义者一贯地在其用语中暗示着，他们制度的实体是建筑于&十二铜表法&因此也就是建筑于成文法的基础上的。

When the state has put foreward the systematic and formal requirements of norms to the public, that is to say, when the state has established systematic codes of conduct for the public for the sake of military or administrative activities, the statute laws have come into being.

当国家对其民众提出了系统的成文的规范要求时，也就是当国家按其军事的或行政的目的为其民众设定了系统化的行为规范时，成文法也就诞生了。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。