成形的

Inspired by the loop shaping theory, a new control algorithm called closed-loop gain shaping is presented. This is based on the observation on the characteristics of the singular value curves of H〓 S/T complex sensitivity functions as well as on the correlativity between S and T.

受到回路成形思想的启发，通过对H〓控制的S/T混合灵敏度奇异值曲线的观察及基于S和T具有相关性的考虑给出一种新的基于闭环增益成形的控制算法。

This can enhance efficiency and competition of tube hydroforming.

本论文的研究为内高压成形工艺在管类零件生产中的应用提供了有效参考和坚实的基础，并为工艺参数的优化提供了基本原则和有效的途径，能够明显提高内高压成形的工作效率和产业竞争力。

At last, the experiment of tube hydroforming was carried out in the guidance of the theory analysis. Experimental results of different load path are presented and the rule of the effect of internal pressure and axial force are studied. Based on the experiment, the basic rule of load control method is also discussed.

在分析的基础上，本文还完成了不同的轴向力和内压匹配作用下管坯内高压成形过程的实验工作，得到了不同工艺参数对零件成形的影响规律，还在实践的基础上提出控制加载的基本原则。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed. Finally, the calculated figure was compared with the ideal paraboloid and comparison shows that more accuracy would be achieved by multi-electrode control.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

Several problems of lubrication design ,such as lubricants,relationship of frication coefficient and pressure,surface treatment of mould and lubrication condition,were stated.

分析了大型覆盖件拉延成形的润滑特性，比较了各种润滑剂的润滑性能，探讨了润滑剂的选择，指出了润滑设计应考虑润滑剂、摩擦因数与压边力的关系以及模具表面处理与润滑状态等问题，对大型覆盖件拉延成形具有指导作用。

Of Hunan Province, invaliding analyses and countermeasure study for deep-drawing thermal forming of Ti-alloy thin plate have been done in this paper, the main fruits have been achieved as follows:Firstly, in order to provide parameters of material properties for the numerical simulation "experiments" of one rectifier internal hood deep-drawing thermal forming, the standard samples of TC1 Ti-alloy thin plate of thickness were made, the tensile tests under different temperatures and forming velocities have been done, the effects of them on the material's properties have been inquired out.

首先，将厚的TC1钛合金薄板制成板料标准试件，在不同温度和不同拉伸速度下进行拉伸实验，探讨温度和成形速度对材料性能的影响，为采用同一材料进行整流内罩的深拉热成形的数值模拟&实验&提供材料性能参数。

This kind of technology can control equal frame precisely by pressures during molding to greatly intensify the frame.

A：波若亚士选用&DMS独家制程&来代替传统的&鼓风吹碳管成形&的制作方法，这样避免了产生质量不良的结构，DMS技术能在成形过程中把压力控制得刚刚好而极度强化结构，而且这种技术也便拍体结构的平衡点，耐打性，抗扭力都得到提高，并保持最大的甜点面积。

The different friction coefficient between tube and die is one of the important influences in tube hydroforming. Reduce the friction as possible, it can not only benefit to tube forming, but also reduce axial force effectively.

不同的管坯和模具之间的摩擦系数也是影响管坯成形的重要影响因素之一，要尽量减少摩擦，不仅有利于管坯的成形，还能有效地减小轴向力。

The droplet transfer of twin-wire co-pool gas shielded metal arc welding process takes great effects on the behavior of the molten pool by transferring energy, momentum and fluid flow to the molten pool which will affect the weld appearance.

双丝共熔池GMAW(twin-wire co-pool gas shielded metal arc welding， TCGMAW)熔滴过渡对焊缝成形的影响体现在对熔池的作用上，熔滴对熔池的作用在于向熔池传输能量、动量和质量，最终会影响到焊缝的成形和质量。

The good news is that after formatting from the command line to FAT32 (format /fs:fat32 /a:4096 drive:) all but one of the problematic games that I tested work perfectly.

好消息是，从指挥线后格式化了FAT32(格式/曾荫权：了FAT32/答：4096年径：)所有问题，但其中的游戏测试工作，我很好。

In Amsterdam. He is a Dutch painter, draftsman, and etcher of the 17th century, the greatest artist of the Dutch school, a master of light and shadow whose paintings, drawings, and etchings made him a giant in the history of art.

伦勃朗是一位17世纪画家、绘图家、版画家，荷兰学派的最伟大艺术家，他的明暗法的大师，他的绘画、素描和版画使他成为一位艺术史上的巨匠，其画作体裁广泛，擅长肖像画、风景画、风俗画、宗教画、历史画等。