成形的

The entire-body special-shaped racing bicycle, shaped by pouring resin into sewing exemplar, is proved to be acceptable after experiment and checking. This means that the method is practicable and can be used to design components of either aerostat and space craft or civil product.

经验证及产品质量检测，缝纫预形件树脂转移成形整体异形赛车架达到了设计要求，证明上述方法的可行性，可供航空航天及民用产品同类构件设计参考。

Whether the role of lubrication in the air hole forming contraction in place of the contact surface on the same region was found.

有无润滑作用的成形在空孔收缩代替接触面区域上同样被发现。

The result showed that the canal shape prepared with step back technique was better,for its postoperative angle change and apical transportation were less than the other two groups.

对常规法、逐步后退法和超声法3种方法预备不同弯曲度后牙细小根管的成形作用进行比较研究。

Methods There were 26 patients(52 eyes) who all have accepted the treatment with resection of the superior obicularis muscle, repair for the aponeurosis of levator muscle and plasty of lateral canthus.

2003年8月～2005年8月共收治26例（52眼）眼睑痉挛的患者，均行上睑轮匝肌大部切除、提上睑肌腱膜修补、外眦成形等局部三联手术治疗。

In the second chapter, elementary theories and ideas of one step forming inverse approach were described and warped modification method, implemented by Cook, was introduced into one step forming simulation and based on idea of surface spreading; new quadrilateral element modification arithmetic was put forward. By spreading warped quadrilateral onto plane in local coordinate system, a plane quadrilateral element whose shape and area were equal to original warped quadrilateral element was gotten and internal force vectors of four nodes and stiffness matrix of elements were improved to increase precision of simulations on this plane element.

第二章从一步成形逆有限元法的基本理论和思想出发，将Cook基于弹性理论的四边形单元的翘曲修正算法引入基于塑性的一步成形，并且基于曲面展开的思想，本文提出一种新的四节点单元翘曲修正方案，通过把翘曲的单元展开的方法在局部参考系中得到一个与实际翘曲单元的形状与面积非常接近的平面单元，在该平面单元中进行单元刚度及内力向量的计算，进一步改善模拟结果的精度。

Taking the fiber coupler as represent, aiming at the performanceproblem of the fiber coupler which is used in the market, such as theoptical performance differences of accepted products, technologicaloptimization and stability reflected by the low rate of finished products,how to reduce excess loss, and so on. From the view of manufacture of rheological formation, the research of experiment and theory has beendeveloped. The effects of rheological technological parameters such asdrawing speed and fused temperature on the optical performance,microstructure and the process of rheological formation have beeninvestigated. It is discovered that the present heating mode of combustinggas can\'t satisfy with the rheological manufacturing technological needof high performance fiber devices. A new resistance heating system is putforward, designed and manufactured, and a new fused biconical tapermachine is developed.

论文以光纤耦合器为代表，针对目前市场上广为应用的光纤器件存在的性能问题，如合格产品的光学性能差异，成品率不高所反映的制备工艺优化与稳定问题，如何进一步降低附加损耗等，从光纤耦合器流变成形制造的角度，分析了流变制造工艺参数如拉锥速度与熔融温度及其扰动对流变制造成形过程、微观结构与器件光学性能的影响，发现现有燃烧气体火焰的加热方式不能满足高性能光纤器件的流变制造技术要求，提出、设计并制造了一种新型的电阻加热系统和熔融拉锥机。

According to the viewpoint that the thinnest part of the deforming metal is usually the important and decisive part of the deforming force , the influence of the bridge size of the fash slot on the die forming and the deforming force is analyzed.

通过坯料在模锻型腔中的压挤成形过程，模拟开式模锻中飞边槽对金属充满型腔的作用，根据"变形金属最薄的部分常常是决定变形力的重要部分"这一观点，分析和探讨飞边槽桥部尺寸对模锻成形及变形力的影响，提出对高度较小、直径较大的齿轮以及复杂模锻件设计方法的改进，以提高该类锻件的模具寿命和生产率。

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

It is shown by frequency domain analysis and simulations that the transfigured controller can improve the dynamic behavior of the system if the frequency spectrum of the inverse of the non-transfigured controller has the low-pass and high-obstructive characteristics.

从理论上分析了如果用常规的回路成形算法设计出的控制器的逆的频谱具有低通和高阻特性，常规的回路成形控制器变形后能够改善系统的动态性能，并将之应用于船舶自动舵的设计中，获得了满意的控制结果。

Based on the relevant movement between hard shaper cutter and grinding wheel, the movements of grinding wheel are studied. The shaping grinding point and the shaping grinding edge are made up with. In order to easily compare when shaping errors and cutting edge"s angles are the most excellent, uniform expressions for convex curved rake face of hard shaping cutter and spatial cutting edge curve are separately developed. The distributions of new profiling cutter"s shaping errors and cutting edges angles are analyzed. The relevant grinding wheel and cam are designed. Due to this paper, a new profiling hard shaping cutter has been manufactured successfully. At last experiments are made to test the performance of hard shaping cutter and all kinds of precision of hard gear.

本文直接从插齿刀与砂轮之间的相对运动关系出发，单独研究砂轮的运动，提出砂轮成形磨削点和砂轮成形磨削刃的概念；分别建立圆柱砂轮和圆锥砂轮磨削后硬齿面插齿刀的波形前刀面方程及空间切削刃方程；为便于比较何种情况下插齿刀的构形误差和切削角度能同时达到最优，分别对磨削五种不同硬齿面插齿刀所用的砂轮进行了廓形设计，并分析了插齿刀的构形误差和侧切削刃切削角度的分布规律；为插齿刀波形前刀面的磨削加工设计了相应的凸轮，用所设计的凸轮和近似的砂轮成功地制造出新构形法硬齿面插齿刀；最后进行插齿加工试验，检验新构形法硬齿面插齿刀的抗崩刃能力、耐磨性及被加工硬齿面齿轮的各项精度。

I bought a nice wrist watch as a surprise for my wife's birthday.

我买了一个漂亮的手表想要给我妻子的生日一个惊喜。

We don t expect students to be sponges. You can t expect to absorb everything and not have any questions to ask.

我们并不期待我们的学生是一块海绵，你没可能接收所有的东西而不提出任何问题。