成岩作用

The evolution history of the volcanic rocks goes through five stages, the forming stage, the weathering and leaching stage, the burial and tectonic\|reforming stage, the erosion stage and the oil and gas accumulation stage. Finally, the model of porosity evolution was set up with andesite and basalt as examples.

在上述研究的基础上，将火山岩储集空间的演化过程分为火山岩的形成阶段、风化剥蚀淋滤阶段、埋藏和构造作用阶段、溶蚀改造作用阶段和油气聚集成藏阶段5个阶段，并以安山岩和玄武岩为例，建立了火山岩储层的孔隙演化模式。

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

The formation of hydrocarbons from a source rock as bitumen forms from kerogen and accumulates as oil or gas.

烃类从源岩中形成的作用，如由干酪根形成沥青并聚集成油或气。

Based on field observation and indoor analysis about the stylolites in Tieshan,Daye,Hubei Province,this paper raises some fresh understandings about the stylolite as follows:(1) Stylolite s are classified into wave-shaped,sawtooth-shaped,city-wall-shaped and thin-column shaped stylolites.

为深入研究碳酸盐岩中的压溶作用，加深对压溶作用的认识和理解，以常见的缝合线构造为例，结合前人的研究成果和现代科技手段对湖北大冶铁山地区的缝合线构造进行了全面深入的研究，得到以下研究成果：丰富了缝合线类型；结合计算机技术获得了缝合线的三维形态；总结了缝合线形成中的一些主控因素；论述缝合线在应力分析、应变测量等传统领域及在能源资源等新领域的应用；对缝合线研究中存在的问题及分歧进行了评述并指出今后几年的研究重点。

The mathematic relationship between coking coal's characters and coke reactivity index and coke strength after reaction was studied.Main effect factors were analyzed by dynamics model formed by metaplast and mesophase.Taking metamorphic degree of coal, coal maceral, caking property, ash and the content of K_2O and CaO as independent variable, forecasting model was set up by the coking tests with 25 kinds of coals used in the industries.It concludes that exinite in coal makes CRI increase and CSR...

以研究炼焦煤性质与焦炭反应性、反应后强度之间的数学关系为目的，通过胶质体和中间相形成动力学解析导出模型的主要影响因子，以煤的变质程度、煤岩组成、粘结性、灰分及K2O和CaO含量等因素为自变量，由25种工业用煤的炼焦试验，建立出预测模型，并得出壳质组使反应性增大及反应后强度降低；K2O催化作用强于CaO，且两者的催化作用均随煤的变质程度不同而不同等重要结论。

Based on above studies, some main conclusions were obtained as follows : 1 the diatoms forming mats in low latitude west pacific is"shade flora"diatom Ethmodiscus rex Hendey; 2 the sites found diatom mats are zone distributed, the direction is NW-SE and most distribute in the deep water area with flat seafloor, between 17°N～20°N and the water depth 4837-6150 m below Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD 3) AMS 14C dates show that the sediments rich in diatom mats occurred during 16.0 ~ 28.6 ka B.P., which means the bloom mainly occurred in last glacial maximum, while there are not diatom mats deposits in other layers; 4 A total of 101 diatom taxa belonging to 40 genera had been identified from the 155 samples in the two cores WPD 03 and WPD 12, and the relative percentage of Thalassionema frauenfeldii are the highest, Thalassionema nitzschioides、Azpeitia nodulifera、Hemidiscus cuneiformis、Nitzschia marina take the second place.

14C年期间，即&勃发&发生于末次冰期最盛期；4在WPD 03和WPD 12两个岩芯共155个样品中共鉴定硅藻40属101种，且Thalassionema frauenfeldii的相对百分含量最高，Thalassionema nitzschioides、Azpeitia nodulifera、Nitzschia marina、Hemidiscus cuneiformis等次之，这五种硅藻占整个硅藻物种相对百分含量的85%左右，说明在该海域表层水体硅藻席沉积过程中，这五种硅藻最容易与成席硅藻在同时期的环境中生存，形成勃发；5MIS3期的晚期，该区域表层海水盐度降低，这有助于该区水体的成层化，从而使&树荫种&硅藻开始勃发，导致&秋季倾泻&；6末次冰期由于南极中层水北扩，南大洋中层水将富含硅酸盐的海水带入了研究区，即南大洋的&硅溢漏&作用，使该区域硅藻得以勃发，同时，铁输入的增多，可能也是造成硅藻勃发的主要原因之一。

Tectonic condition is the key factor for igneous rock reservoir, which produce crack and improve reservoir character, abundant generating rock is the foundation for igneous rock reservoir, lithology condition is the important supplement for igneous rock reservoir, it is easy for trachyte to produce crack.

综合分析构造条件是火山岩成藏的关键，其产生的裂缝改善了火山岩储层的储集性能；充足的油源条件是火山岩成藏的基础；岩性条件是火山岩成藏的重要补充，即粗面岩容易在构造作用下形成构造裂缝，最终形成火山岩油气藏。

In this paper, incising blasting engineering in granite row stone exploitation as the research object, in order to analyze the fracturing mechanism principles of V-shaped notch blasting and the influence of blasting parameter changing to V-shaped notch blasting effect, the elastic-plastic isotropy and multi-notched hole of plane strain model is set up. Dynamical finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is applied to calculate dynamic stress distribution and its change rule of rock around notched holes and between two holes, and dynamic fracturing mechanism is analyzed with fracture mechanics theory.

文章以花岗岩荒料开采中的切割爆破工程实践为研究对象，为分析V形刻槽爆破成缝机理及爆破参数改变对刻槽爆破效果影响等内容，建立了各向同性脆性材料的多刻槽孔准平面应变模型，以显式动力分析有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA为模拟运算工具，详细计算了在动载作用下槽孔周围及双孔连心线上岩体的动态应力分布与变化规律，并运用断裂力学理论分析刻槽爆破动态成缝机理。

Crustal original and crustal\|mantle original type are located at the Yinggehai basin of the northwest margin and controlled by the diapirs up-invasion and thick marine calcic sand shales. Volcano-mantle original type is most located at the Qiongdongnan basin of the northeast margin and the Pear River Delta. Furthermore, the accumulation and migration of CO2 and oil gas of these types of CO2 are controlled by the exhaustion of mantle magma and the transportation of discordogenic faults.

壳源型和壳幔混合型CO2富集于西北边缘莺歌海走滑伸展型盆地，受控于海相含钙砂泥岩与泥底辟热流体上侵活动的物理化学综合作用；火山幔源型CO2则主要展布于东北边缘琼东南及珠江口断陷裂谷盆地，其火山幔源岩浆脱排气活动与深大断裂导气输送作用的配置，控制了这种类型CO2的运聚乃至富集成藏过程。

Through the study of characteristics of reservoir combination in sequence framework, we learned that source rocks mainly develop in transgressive system tract, reservoirs in highstand system tract, and mudstones developed near maximum flooding surface have good sealing ability for sandstone in transgressive system tract and highstand system tract.

通过层序格架内的成藏组合特征研究可知，烃源岩主要发育于水进体系域，储层主要发育于高位体系域，最大湖泛面附近发育的泥岩对水进和高位体系域的砂体都有较好的封闭作用。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。