成岩

The paragenetic sequence of outcrop sandstones may induce to ealy compaction diagenetic facies、carbonate cementation diagenetic facies and feldspar dissolving diagenetic facies, the diagenetic facies of core sandstones are ealy compaction diagenetic facies、ankerite diagenetic facies、authigenetic quarze and kaolinite filling diagenetic facies.

露头砂岩的成岩组合可归纳为早期压实成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相和长石溶解成岩相，岩芯砂岩成岩相为早期压实成岩相、铁白云石胶结成岩相、自生石英与高岭石充填成岩相。

Paragenetic association I are composed of dissolved feldspar, quartz overgrowth and authigenetic kaolinite, This paragenetic association came into being acidic environment; Paragenetic association II include illite、albite、dissolved authigenetic quarze and kaolinite、dolomite、ankerite and ferrocalcite, the paragenetic association formed alkali environment; secondly, outcrop sandstones include paragenetic association III making up of dissolved feldspar、kaolinite、dickite and ironstone too, this paragenetic association came into being ground surface acidic environment.

成岩共生组合I由长石颗粒溶解、次生加大石英和自生高岭石组成，该组合形成于酸性成岩环境；成岩共生组合II由自生伊利石、自生钠长石、自生石英与高岭石溶解、白云石、铁白云石、铁方解石组成，该组合形成于碱性成岩环境；其次，露头砂岩还包括由长石颗粒溶解、高岭石、地开石、褐铁矿组成的第III种成岩共生组合，该组合形成于地表酸性成岩环境。

The author creates the AutomaticallyDiscriminational Model for the Classification of Sandstones System, thatis to say, people can complete the vastly sample s classification of sandstonesaccurately and swiftly, meantime, diminish the possibility of mortal mistake. Based on the study of the basic sandstone component before embedding, the typeof authigenic mineral, and the forming mechanism of porosity in Upper Paleozoicreservoirs in Ordos basin, the author selects the reasonable experiment objects forWater-Rock Interaction modeling study, designs the relatively reactant and resultantduring the diagenesis period, builds the solid-liquid thermodynamics model with theprinciple of thermodynamic phase equilibrium for kinds of primary minerals (potashfeldspar, albite, anorthite, and pyroxene, hornblende) which dissolve in acidic media,and forms the corresponding thermodynamics test database.

在对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界储层砂岩埋藏前组成、自生矿物类型和孔隙构成研究的基础之上，确定合理的沉积盆地水—岩相互作用模拟研究的实验对象，设计了埋藏成岩过程有关反应的反应物和可能的生成物，并通过热力学相平衡原理，建立了碎屑岩在埋藏成岩过程中各种骨架颗粒(钾长石、钠长石、钙长石以及铁镁暗色矿物中的辉石、角闪石等)在酸性介质条件下发生溶解的固体—流体相化学反应热力学计算模型，并获得了相应的热力学数据库，在此基础上对储层砂岩中主要造岩矿物(钾长石、钠长石、钙长石以及铁镁暗色矿物中的辉石、角闪石等)在埋藏成岩过程的酸性介质条件下发生溶解的热力学习性进行了论述。

The high porosity zone occurrence of the Tertiary reservoir composed of clastic rocks in the Yuanyanggou region is controlled by diageneses and sedimentary facies, lying in the early diagenetic stage A ~ the late diagenetic stage A1 and the area of the sandstones developing in debouch bar, braided-divided flow channel, raised bank and channel bar is namely high porosity zone development of the lower Shasan Member (Es33) and the upper-middle Shasan Member (Es31-2); furthermore, lying in the late diagenetic stage A2 and the area of the sandstones developing in debouch bar, braided-divided flow channel, raised bank and channel bar is namely high porosity zone comparative development of the lower Shasan Member (Es3) and the upper-middle Shasan Member (Es31-2), the physical property of the reservoir is relatively worse.

鸳鸯沟地区第三系碎屑岩储层高孔带分布受成岩作用和沉积相的控制，处于早成岩阶段A期～晚成岩阶段A_1期，且有河口坝、辫状分流河道、天然堤和心滩沉积微相砂体发育的区域即为该区沙三下亚段和沙三中上亚段储层高孔带的发育区；而处于晚成岩阶段A_2期，且沉积相也为河口坝、辫状分流河道、天然堤和心滩沉积微相砂体发育的区域即为鸳鸯沟地区沙三下亚段和沙三中上亚段储层高孔带的较发育区，储层物性相对较差。

At the same time, the plane distribution of diagenetic facies is concluded, and then pore evolepment of different microfacies is contrasted.

其次，在沉积相、微相研究的基础上，结合大量薄片及地化等资料，进行了成岩作用、成岩阶段、成岩环境及成岩序列的研究，确定了成岩相的平面展布，最后探讨了不同微相的孔隙演化过程。

The thesis also discussed the synthetic influence of above factors on dynamic diagenesis in detail and graded dynamic diagenesis into three types, which were respectively thermally dynamic diagenesis, tectonically dynamic diagenesis and hydrokinetic diagenesis, and then the types of diagenesis controlled by dynamic factors had been studied: 1 thermally dynamic diagenesis, clarified the ration relationship by the conception of the thermally evolving track and the thermally maturity, 2 tectonically dynamic diagenesis, changed the porosity of reservoir mainly by tectonically movement;3 . hydrokinetic diagenesis, changed the physical and chemical properties resist-press intensity of the rock by the participating of liquid.

在研究以上控制因素的基础上，将成岩动力作用分为热动力、构造动力、流体动力成岩作用三种类型：1、热动力成岩作用，运用热演化轨迹和热成熟度的概念研究与成岩作用之间的定量关系，砂岩孔隙度随热成熟度增加而呈指数减小；2、构造动力成岩作用，盆地构造变形可以使砂岩的孔隙体积在相对短的时间内产生明显的变化，构造滑脱推覆作用比水平侧向挤压作用压实减孔量小，可保留更多的孔隙度；3、流体动力成岩作用，化学成岩反应是在流体参与下完成的，它改变了岩石的物理化学性质，改变了岩石的抗压强度。

On the base of diagenesis' study, the three paragenetic associations of outcrop sandstones are identified, the paragenetic associations of core sandstones have two kinds, ther are two common paragenetic associations between outcrop sandstones from core sandstones.

在成岩作用的研究基础上，露头砂岩共识别出3种成岩共生组合，岩芯砂岩为2种成岩共生组合，其中，露头砂岩和岩芯砂岩共有的2种成岩共生组合。

The purpose of paper is to describe the petrology character of outcrop sandstones and core sandstones and judge their roke type, compare the similarities and differences of autogenetic mineral、diagenesis types、intergrowth sequence、diagenetic facies、diagenetic phase of outcrop sandstones and core sandstones, provide academic precondition condition for studying better reservoir in studied region.

本次论文的研究目的是描述露头砂岩和岩芯砂岩岩石学特征并判断其岩石类型，比较露头砂岩与岩芯砂岩在自生矿物、成岩作用类型、共生序列、成岩相、成岩阶段以及成岩流体演化方面的异同，为研究区有利储层的研究提供理论前提条件。

Results The diagenetic grade of Permian rift basin was quite high, and the mechanical compaction resulted in the great loss of the original pore. The eodiagenesis and telodiagenesis were important to the reservoir, and fractures were the dominant hydrocarbon migrating pathway and accumulating space; In Triassic-Paleogene Formation, mechanical compaction was as important as pressolution, and the most original pore was preserved. The exodiagenesis stage of late hercynian movement, indosinian movement and Yanshan movement played the vital role in the diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the basin. The argillaceous dolomite and algal dolomite discaved in Permian, which were formed probably by hybrid process in high salinity lake which had the fresh water interfused in.

结果 二叠纪裂谷盆地的成岩强度大，以机械压实作用为主，原生孔隙丧失多且早，晚期成岩作用较重要，裂缝是油气运聚的通道和空间，可出现次生孔隙发育带；三叠纪－古近纪拗陷盆地的成岩作用表现为机械压实和化学压实作用并重，原生孔隙多被保留；晚海西、印支、燕山运动等表生成岩阶段对该区的成岩演化和油气运聚起到重要作用；二叠系中特征的泥云岩和藻云岩可能是在有淡水注入的较高盐度湖泊中经混合作用而形成的。

As pH value varied in the course of diagenesis,reservoirs experienced one to three cementations or dissolution generations.Lots of secondary dissolution pores developed in the late diagenetic stage,because of the acidic mediums in the process of generation and migration of oil and gas. The anhydrites deposited in the dissolved pores resulted in the heterogeneity of secondary pores.

储层在成岩过程中受地层水pH值变化的影响，经历1~3个世代的胶结或溶蚀作用，其中在晚成岩期油气生成和运移过程中形成的酸性成岩环境对早成岩期生成的碳酸盐岩胶结物和储层中的长石矿物溶蚀，因而产生了大量的次生溶孔，但随后在溶孔中沉淀了不等量的硬石膏，导致了次生孔隙的非均质性。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐