成层

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

In this thesis the planar bilayer lipid membranes inlaid with oxide cholesterol , phosphatidylcholine or cephalin have been prepared .The effects of membranes formulas on membranes stability and zinc ions transfer ability have also been studied.

中文摘要采用氧化胆固醇与磷脂混合作为成膜液制备双分子层脂质膜的方法，研究了制备平板双分子层脂质膜的配方和成膜条件，并对制得的双分子层脂质膜的稳定性、离子通透性、离子选择通过性能、双层膜中氧化胆固醇对通透性的影响等进行了研究。

With the electrical connections at the top and bottom side of the wafer-level IC packaging Lead-frame structure and composition of the surface-mount semiconductor package structure Multi-layer printed circuit board Antifuse and its formation method and with the anti-fuse non-volatile memory device unit cell Tandem electric signal processing circuit and electronic device Light-emitting diode packaging structure and encapsulation method Electronic Packaging Structure Flip-chip high-speed optoelectronic components and structure Pairs of piezoelectric friction side by side to promote the three-step device and scanning probe microscope Light-emitting diode and its manufacturing method, the production base of light-emitting diode method Three or four parallel advance of stepping piezoelectric device and scanning probe microscope lens body Silicon substrate and its manufacturing method Semiconductor device and voltage-divider A polysilicon layer and the microcrystalline silicon layer of the double-substrate active layer structure, methods and devices The edge of the thickness of silicon controlled Of a lateral semiconductor devices and high-voltage devices With a vertical-channel transistors semiconductor device Of a memory array and for the manufacture of a memory array method Read-only memory cell array structure Active-matrix substrate and display device High-voltage semiconductor integrated circuit devices, dielectric isolated type semiconductor device Image sensing devices Lens module and its manufacturing methods Solid-state imaging device and camera Injection angle for the trench isolation Organic Light-Emitting Display Device Organic light-emitting display device Bipolar transistor structure of the surface passivation Double-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier HFET Metal-oxide semiconductor transistors Self-aligned trench accumulation mode field effect transistor structure Thin-film transistors and Display Devices TFT Lead Diode Low-frequency, low noise, low-flashing diode Used for thin-film solar cells trap light structure Transparent sun solar cells Quaternary semiconductor heterojunction photovoltaic cells heat Si nano-pillar array heterojunction thin-film solar cells GaN-based micro-composite solar cells isotope Optical sensor Semiconductor by optical components Imaging Detector Transparent conductive oxide coating Silicon-based high-performance dual-junction solar cells Thin-film solar cells Alien LED Devices

非专业，不在行，求高手帮忙。谢谢！具有顶部及底部侧电连接的晶片级集成电路封装导线架结构及其构成的表面黏着型半导体封装结构多层印刷电路板反熔丝及其形成方法和具有该反熔丝的非易失性存储器件的单位单元串联用电式信号处理电路及电子装置发光二极管的封装结构及其封装方法电子封装结构高速光电组件及其芯片倒装结构双压电体并排推动的三摩擦力步进器与扫描探针显微镜发光二极管及其制作方法、发光二极管的底座的制作方法三或四压电体并行推进的步进器及其扫描探针显微镜镜体硅衬底及其制造方法半导体装置与分压电路具多晶硅层及微晶硅层的双底材主动层结构、方法及装置硅晶片的受控边缘厚度一种半导体横向器件和高压器件具有垂直沟道晶体管的半导体器件一种记忆体阵列及其用于制造一记忆体阵列的方法只读内存单元阵列结构有源矩阵基板和显示装置高耐压半导体集成电路装置、电介质分离型半导体装置图像感测装置透镜模块及其制造方法固态成像装置和照相机用于沟道隔离的斜角注入有机电致发光显示装置有机发光显示装置双极晶体管的表面钝化结构双触发型可控硅整流器异质结场效应晶体管金属氧化物半导体晶体管自对准沟槽累加模式场效应晶体管结构薄膜晶体管及显示器件薄膜晶体管无铅二极管低频、低噪音、低闪烁的二极管用于薄膜太阳电池的陷光结构透明遮阳太阳能电池片四元半导体的异质结热光伏电池硅基纳米柱阵列异质结薄膜太阳能电池氮化镓太阳能同位素复合型微电池光学传感器半导体受光元件成像探测器透明导电氧化物涂层硅基高效双结太阳能电池薄膜太阳能电池异形LED器件

For a start, before the seismic inversion it is essential for a reservoir to enhance the basic research of the rock geophysical characteristic analysis, horizon calibration, fidelity processing and model analysis, etc., and of the reservoir's lithologic character, physical, electrical and gas bearing property. Subsequently based on the fundamental principle of seismic inversion, a series of inversion methods and their application conditions were emphasized. Finally, taking Labureng area as a target, by comparing various inversion effects, we aimed at enhancing the precision of seismic image, increasing SN ratio and resolution, and highlighting seismic responses of the target strata, and presented reliable geophysical references for the understanding of reservoir evaluation, gas bearing modelbuilding and reservoir mechanism in HJQ area.

首先把地震反演前的基础研究工作做扎实，其中包括储层的岩性、物性、电性、含气性在内的岩石地球物理特征分析、层位标定、保真处理和模型分析等；其次从地震反演方法技术的基本原理出发，重点探讨各种反演方法的技术特点和应用条件；最后以杭锦旗地区拉不仍工区为靶区，通过对不同地震反演方法处理效果的综合对比分析，以提高地震成像精度、提高信噪比和分辨率、突出目的层段的地震响应特征为目标，为杭锦旗地区储层评价、含气模式建立，成藏规律的认识提供可信的地球物理依据。

Consequently, the key factors for deep sandstone diagenesis are chemical and physical conditions in the deep, restriction from shallow diagenesis and components and textures of reservoir, and lithic inversion.

因此深部储层研究要点是深部储层成岩反应的物理化学条件和孔隙演化特征，浅层成岩作用对深层孔隙演化的制约，以及深部储层物性约束反演技术。

The palisade tissue cells of common type were 2 layers, while those of spur-type and columnar type were 3 or 4 layers. The ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue of common type was less than 1, and that of spur type and columnar type was more than 1. Moreover, the number of palisade tissue cell layers and the ratio of P/S were increased with the dwarfing degrees.

普通型苹果的叶片栅栏组织细胞一般排列成2层，其栅栏组织与海绵组织的厚度比值小于l；而柱型和短枝型的栅栏组织细胞通常排列成3层或4层，其栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值大于1，而且，随着矮化程度的加强，栅栏组织细胞层数和栅/海比有增加趋势。

Tomographic results of real data show that the method is reliable, stable and convergent, and the results have high precision.

层析成像结果表明，层析成像算法可靠稳定，收敛性好，层析成像结果的精度较高。

Based on the attenuation tomographical method in time domain, we propose a successive linearization method which is similar to the current traveltime tomographical methods.

在时间域衰减成像的基础上，建立了一种与当前走时层析成像类似的衰减成像方法——逐次线性化衰减层析成像方法，这是一种基于射线理论的方法。

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

As pH value varied in the course of diagenesis,reservoirs experienced one to three cementations or dissolution generations.Lots of secondary dissolution pores developed in the late diagenetic stage,because of the acidic mediums in the process of generation and migration of oil and gas. The anhydrites deposited in the dissolved pores resulted in the heterogeneity of secondary pores.

储层在成岩过程中受地层水pH值变化的影响，经历1~3个世代的胶结或溶蚀作用，其中在晚成岩期油气生成和运移过程中形成的酸性成岩环境对早成岩期生成的碳酸盐岩胶结物和储层中的长石矿物溶蚀，因而产生了大量的次生溶孔，但随后在溶孔中沉淀了不等量的硬石膏，导致了次生孔隙的非均质性。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失