成对比较

Some key problems of line structured light sensor is given comprehensive studies theoretically and practically, which include the analysis of sensor's mathematic model; the improvement of the key parts of the sensor, the light source and imageforming system; the method of on-line measurement and the evaluate of BGA coplanarity. These studies are supported by corresponding satisfactory experiments. This dissertation covers the following aspects concerning the main work and creative research in the subject: 1. The operating theories and features of pattern measuring methods are systematically introduced.

本文成功地将线结构光传感器应用于BGA芯片管脚共面性的在线测试，并针对线结构光传感器测量的一些关键问题进行了深入细致的研究和探讨：建立了线结构光传感器的模型并对结构参数进行了详细的分析，针对传感器的关键环节—光源和成象系统的改进都提出了创新性的理论和方法，对管脚形状比较复杂的BGA芯片球栅阵列的在线测试方法和评定方法进行了理论研究和实验分析，并获得了满意的结果。

In the text, first introduce the constitute, principle and characteristics of the cchp system which is a comprehensive energy system; in the following, overview the domestic development and the research situations of outside in this realm; immediately after, introduce in brief the research object"s engineering general situation and the design projects that be brought up aimed at this engineering in this text; then detailed discuss a kind of lately thermal economics cost absorption method- the method of share the cost of the product"s Exergy according to the ability class, and make use of this method and the product Exergy equivalence method and steam equivalence method to carry economics analysis to the design project respectively,and carry on the economy compared for the calculation of the several kind different cost absorption method from the point of view that the price of the energy Exergy.

文中，首先介绍了热电冷联产这一综合能源系统的组成、原理及特点；综述了国内外在这一领域的发展和研究概况；接着，简单的介绍了本文所研究对象的工程概况及针对本工程所提出的设计方案；然后详细讨论了一种新的热经济学成本分摊方法-按能级分摊产品火用成本法，并分别运用此方法和产品火用等价法、蒸汽等价法对设计方案进行经济性分析，从能量火用价格的角度对几种不同分摊方法的计算结果进行经济性比较。

At the time of some modeling in structure, according to the characteristic of the rotating shell, the article adopt finite strip method to analyse to the shell, and discretes the rotating shell along the axis to a series of cylindrical shell to set up mold of curved surface ,not only guarantee to calculate the precision as well as raise the efficiency, but can deal with more complicated structure.

在结构部分建模时，根据旋转壳体的特点，对壳体采用有限条法进行分析，将旋转壳沿轴向离散成一系列的锥状或柱状条，对结构旋转曲面进行建模，既保证计算精度又能提高效率，而且可以处理比较复杂的组合结构。

From aesthetic factor and historical fact , using comparative, analytic, demonstratively, inferential method to analyse and argue .

本文源于对创作实践的指导和体悟，从书画艺术的审美因素和历史关系入手，运用比较、论证、分析、推理和归纳等方法，就书法审美因素对中国画内在品质的影响进行分析和议论，着重运用画理、画论、画技以及书法理论知识和艺术心理学，以及即成资料和相关图像资料来展开研究。

The Highway tunnel with small spacing entrance to cave a term of stratum thinner, belonging to strong effloresce band, wall rock generally more broken, and usually clipping soil layer, for this kind of disadvantage condition in soil arch, how reasonable exploitation every kind of construction method, while insuring the safe premise, lower the engineering cost, increasing work efficiency.

高速公路小净距隧道洞口段的地层较薄，多属于强风化带，围岩一般比较破碎，而且通常夹有土层，那么对于这种不利于土体成拱的条件下，怎样合理利用好各种施工方法，提高工作效率，同时对岩层的破坏机理研究，各种施工方法对围岩影响的研究，这些工作是目前急需解决的问题。

The fatigue is analyzed for the SENT specimen of TA6V titanium alloy at different stress ratio and on different stress level by the general finite element analysis software ANSYS. The dangerous fatigue location is predicted by the nodal stress Y-direction of the hemicycle notch for TA6V titanium alloy SENT specimen. Based on the local stress-strain method and the material S-N graph, the nominal stress-strain of the specimen is converted to the local stress-strain of the dangerous location by the elastic and plastic finite element analysis, thus the fatigue life is estimated by Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory and compared with the fatigue test of small crack growth.

借助大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对TA6V钛合金SENT试样在不同应力比和不同应力水平下进行疲劳分析，根据SENT试样缺口处的应力状态分布预测疲劳危险部位，采用局部应力应变法，结合材料循环的S-N曲线，通过弹塑性有限元法将构件上的名义应力谱转换成危险部位的局部应力应变谱，从而根据危险部位的局部应力应变历程采用Miner累积损伤理论对构件的疲劳寿命进行估算，并与疲劳小裂纹试验数据进行比较分析。

The Book of Liang Dynasty was written by Silian Yao, a historiographer of the early Tang dynasty. It is a comprehensive and original document on the history of the Liang Dynasty. But the previous work on the book is far away from enough, thus it is necessary to do more research in this subject.

梁书》成于初唐史官姚思廉之手，是现存有关梁史较为原始和全面的记录，但前人对《梁书》的研究还比较薄弱，因而对这部史书作进一步的研究就显得十分必要。

The reason is many sided: 1 student and parent think " miscalculate " irrespective, as long as next time attentive dot went. The student allows to use a calculator in 2 education, the student had to the calculator depend on, often abandon when encountering seemingly complex calculation think, use a calculator directly, for instance 618, do not know to change brief into 13, achieve a result with the calculator directly however 0.33. Phase of 3 high school trains a student " put forward, analysis and the ability that solve a problem " the demand is higher and higher, of the train of thought that inscribes to solution in classroom education, thoughtway many somes more tuitional, and to operation ability, because the student has certain base, loosened with respect to some then. 4 emphasizes the training of all sorts of thinking ability overly, the training of operation ability has the suspicion that should try education it seems that, this also is one of reasons. The operation in 5 maths, no matter be numeric computation, return be algebraic type to be out of shape figure, photograph of the train of thought that inscribes with new knowledge, new solution, skill is compared and character, appear more as dry as a chip, the student does not have interest.

原因是多方面的：1学生和家长都认为"算错了"没关系，只要下次细心点就行了。2教学中答应学生使用计算器，学生对计算器有了依靠，在碰到貌似复杂的计算时往往舍弃思索，直接用计算器，比如618，不知化简成13，而是直接用计算器获得结果0.33.3高中阶段培养学生"提出、分析和解决新问题的能力"的要求越来越高，课堂教学中对解题的思路、思想方法的讲授多一些，而对于运算能力，因为学生都有一定的基础，于是就有些放松了。4过分强调各种思维能力的练习，运算能力的练习似乎有应试教育的嫌疑，这也是原因之一。5数学中的运算，不管是数值计算，还是代数式的变形演算，和新的知识、新的解题的思路、技巧相比较而言，显得比较枯燥，学生没有喜好。

The influence of sedimentation on overburden pressure and settlement of layered soil is studied and the relevant formulas are developed.

研究了沉积作用对成层地基自重应力与沉降的影响，给出了相应的计算公式，并对几种情况下的计算结果进行了分析比较。

If a surface tram is designed with exclusive tracks it will, of course, occupy a part of the roads, creating a crowding-out effect for the use of automobiles. It could also highlight the relative competitiveness of different meansof transport: During traffic peak hours riding on a light track tram that runs on an exclusive track will be still smooth, while when driving a car yourself I'm afraid you won't be able to avoid getting stuck in traffic. By using public transport you can spare yourself the trouble of looking for a parkingspace. When driving yourself you do not only face the inconvenience of parking, but at the same time also the fact that the direct and indirect costs are high. Taking public transport allows you to rebuild your energy, while driving yourself forces you to pay undivided attention…These comparativestrengths, resulting from reallocation through government intervention, can achieve the ultimate goal of encouraging public transport and containing private transport.

地面电车如果设计成专用轨道，当然会占据一部份的道路，对小汽车的使用造成排挤效果，也会呈现出不同交通方式的竞争比对：交通尖峰时段搭乘专用车道轻轨电车依然顺畅，自己开车恐怕就不可避免塞在路上；使用公共运输可免找寻停车位之苦，自己开车不但停车不便，同时间接与直接金钱成本都不低；搭乘公共运输可以养精蓄锐，自己开车就得全神灌注…；这些因为公权力介入重分配所造成的比较优势，可以达到鼓励公共运输、抑制私人交通的终极目的。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。