成对地

In this thesis, we developed chiral proton N-O type ligands and employed them in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines. The relationship between the structure of the ligands and the enantioselectivity was systematically studied. Furthermore, enantioselective butylation of N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines withBu〓Zn and enantioselective diphenylzinc addition to imine were also examined.

本文致力于亚胺的不对称催化有机锌试剂加成反应的研究：以手性质子型N-O配体为促进剂，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺进行不对称乙基锌加成反应而展开研究工作，系统地考查了手性配体的结构对反应的影响；另外，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺的不对称催化丁基锌加成进行了研究，并首次对亚胺的不对称苯基锌加成反应进行了初步探索。

The main problems researched in the dissertation and achievements are as follows: The dissertation explains the science background and the theoretical and actual meaning of the task. The progress and the problems of the flow imaging technique are briefly explained. The advantages of electrical capacitance tomography are discussed. The paper discusses the formation and operating principle of ECT, and builds up the definite mathematical model by detail theoretical analyse, and establishes the Finite Element Model of the system by changing the finite boundary value problem of ECT into equivalence variation problem according to variation principle. On the basis of the FEM of the system, the paper builds the finite element model of the capacitance sensitivity field distribution and programs its finite element simulation software and proves the validity of the FEM of the ECT from different aspects. With the FEM and the qualitative analyse of the effect of each structural parameter of the capacitance transducer on its capability, this paper optimizes the structural parameters of the capacitance transducer, and obviously improves its capability. The compare of the simulated result with the static experimental result shows that the error of them is less than 0.9%.

其主要研究内容包括：阐述课题研究的学术背景及其理论与实际意义，概括总结出流动层析成像技术的发展现状和存在的问题，指出电容层析成像技术的优点；讨论电容层析成像系统的组成及工作原理，进行详尽的理论分析，以变分原理为基础，将ECT的有限元边值问题转换为等价的变分问题，从而建立系统的有限元模型；在系统有限元模型的基础上，建立敏感场的数学模型，编制有限元的仿真软件，并从不同角度证明电容层析成像系统有限元模型的正确性；利用有限元模型，定性地分析电容传感器各结构参数对其性能的影响，并对传感器结构参数进行优化设计，使其性能得到明显的改善。8电极ECT系统的仿真和静态实验结果的比较表明，它们之间的相对误差小于0。

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

Through the experiments on hydration of AH in the following sulphate（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）, dissoluble sulfate hydrate origining from hydration process of AH affects it's hydrous rate, hydrous rate of AH does not connect with Z/R of cation in stimulation, theory that Z/R affect hydrous rate of AH does not exist. Third, hydration of AH in dissoluble sulfate complies with dissolve-nucleate -grow theory, concentration of Ca~2+ from dissolving of CaSO_4 is higher than one of CaSO_4·2H_2O, calcium sulphate dihydrite gets a motivity of crystallization. dissoluble sulfate takes the following function: double-salt or dissoluble sulfate hydrate from hydration of AH in it becomes heterogeneous particle and a kind of nucleation catalyzer, and reduces surface barrier when DH becomes crystal because the crystal of DH precedently appears in uneven place. Results indicate hydration of AH does not conform with double-salt theory, but it conform with this mechanism: dissolve-nucleate-grow, formation of DH is an uneven nucleation and crystalizaion process.

通过对CaSO_4在Na_2SO_4 、K_2SO_4 、Rb_2SO_4 、Cs_2SO_4 、(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液中水化过程，以及CaSO_4·2H_2O、CaSO_4与以上硫酸盐反应速度、产物的研究，说明复盐理论不正确；CaSO_4在（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO_4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）溶液中水化，水化过程中硫酸盐水合物的析晶影响着无水硫酸钙水化，与激发剂阳离子Z/R值大小无关，阳离子的Z/R参数影响水化率的规律并不存在； 3、无水硫酸钙在可溶性硫酸盐中的水化按照溶解-成核-生长理论进行，CaSO_4达到溶解平衡时Ca~2+的浓度大于CaSO_4·2H_2O溶解平衡的Ca~2+的浓度，CaSO_4·2H_2O获得结晶的驱动力，可溶性硫酸盐起到形成晶核的作用：水化过程与CaSO_4生成复盐或析出水合物所形成的细小物相，作为异质微粒使母相中存在不均匀性，这些不均匀性有效地降低成核时的表面能位垒，使CaSO_4·2H_2O晶核优先地在这些具不均匀性的地方形成，因此这些物质起成核催化剂作用。

Hypogene high thermal or deep source epi-mesothermal condition and it is not only stressed the mantle source simply but also the crust-mantle;②in order to guid ore exploration better the artificial classification of uranium deposits should be broken and uranium ore-forming system strengthened;③much attention should be paid to searching the diabase-hosted rich uranium ore in strongly argillized cataclastic zone;④attention should be paid to the influence of basement of volcanic basin on the uranium ore formation that should be undstood both in feeling and theoretically through the ore propect process;⑤relation of red basin with uranium ore formation can be made clear from analyzing tectonics, paleo-climate and time and it is not only theoretically important but also helpful to uranium ore prediction;⑥crypto explosive pipe is an uranium ore, rich uranium ore host structure and it is the next goal for uranium ore exploration in east China.

摘要文章论述了华东火山岩型铀矿找矿值得重视的地质问题：①铀成矿既可形成于浅源浅成低温条件，也可形成于深源深成高温或深源浅成中低温条件，在强调深源时，不是简单地认为是幔源就可以了，还必须强调壳幔作用的地质过程；②打破人为的&类型&划分，加强&铀成矿系统&的研究，更好地指导找矿；③研究基性脉体与铀成矿问题应注意构造、岩石矿物成分、成因、蚀变与成矿3大问题，注意寻找泥岩化作用强烈的破碎辉绿岩脉中的富铀矿；④火山盆地基底对铀成矿的作用主要是提供铀源，将基底对铀成矿的影响从感性认识推向理性认识，有效地指导找矿；⑤红盆与铀成矿关系可以从构造、古气候及时间分析研究中得出结论，它不仅仅是一个理论问题，而且有助于铀成矿预测；⑥隐爆角砾岩筒是铀成矿、成富矿的重要储矿构造，是华东火山岩型铀矿找矿的新领域。

Because of the deviation, the society became a one-dimensional society, man became a one-dimensional man.it"s same to the politics, thought and culture. Marcuse critiqued it fierily. He thought that the man in this society would lose his individuality, independence power as well as the inner revolution and negativity against the social control and manipulation. They would be " industrial civilization slave" and "one-dimensional man" freely and numbly, succumbing to society polities" need. Politics became one-dimensional without opposition.

由这种的分离，社会发生异化，社会变成了单向度社会，病态社会，人成了单向度人，政治、思想、文化也都变成了单向度的政治、思想、文化，基于此，马尔库塞对之进行了猛烈抨击，认为人在这样一个社会中失去了自己的个性，失去了自主力，失去了对社会控制与操纵的内在反抗性、否定性，舒舒服服地成为&工业文明的奴隶&，成为屈从社会政治需要而又麻木地自感幸福的&单向度的人&，政治成了没有政治反对派的单向度政治。

Orientation field near baseline is parallel to baseline which is caused by baseline. Orientation field near core point is changeable which is influenced by core point. Then fingerprint orientation field outspreads.

基线区域和中心点区域的指纹方向场向外扩张，在三角点区域汇合，且三角点是最终的汇合点，这一模型能比较好地解释指纹中心点和三角点成对出现的原因。

When I had consider'd this a little, it follow'd necessarily, that I was certainly in the Wrong in it, that these People were not Murtherers in the Sense that I had before condemn'd them, in my Thoughts; any more than those Christians were Murtherers, who often put to Death the Prisoners taken in Battle; or more frequently, upon many Occasions, put whole Troops of Men to the Sword, without giving Quarter, though they threw down their Arms and submitted.

于是，我对自己的计划也改变了看法，并开始冷静地考虑我自己的行动。我想：这么多世纪以来，上天都容许这些人不断互相残杀而不惩罚他们，那我有什么权力和责任擅自将他们判罪处死，代替上天执行对他们的判决呢？这些人对我又究竟犯了什么滔天大罪呢？我又有什么权力参与他们的自相残杀呢？我经常同自己进行辩论：&我怎么知道上帝对于这件公案是怎样判断的呢？毫无疑问，这些人并不知道他们互相吞食是犯罪行为；他们那样做并不违反他们的良心，因而他们也不会受到良心的谴责。他们并不知道食人是违背天理的罪行而故意去犯罪，就像我们大多数人犯罪时一样。他们并不认为杀死战俘是犯罪行为，正如我们并不认为杀牛是犯罪行为；他们也不认为吃人肉是犯罪行为，正如我们并不认为吃羊肉是犯罪行为。&我稍稍从这方面考虑了一下，就觉得自己不对了。我感到他们并不是我过去心目中所谴责的杀人犯。有些基督徒在战斗中常常把战俘处死，甚至在敌人已经丢下武器投降后，还把成队成队的敌人毫无人道地杀个精光。从这方面来看，那些土人与战斗中残杀俘虏的基督徒岂不一样！

The original HyMap data were derived from Barrax test site in Spanish at 9:00 o'clock,June 4,1999,the air altitude was 3 500 m,and the spatial resolving power was about 5 m.the spectral range of HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer was 400~2 480 nm,there were 128 wavebands except two with high vapor absorption near 1.4 μm and 1.9 μm.

成像光谱技术，又称高光谱遥感技术，起源于20世纪70年代初的多光谱遥感技术，是近20年中人类在对地观测方面所取得的重大技术突破，是21世纪遥感技术研究的前沿领域之一，是遥感技术发展的重要趋势之一，其数据的光谱分辨率达到10 nm[1]。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。