成分的

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

A new technology, Supercritical Fluid CO_2 Extraction, was also supplied to study the plant. The technological parameter was optimal. Total extract of SFE-CO_2 were 4.86 times of the essential oil extracted by SDE, main active extracted constituents were 1.36% high than SDE. The chemical constituents of SFE-CO_2 were also analyzed by GC-MS. 57 constituents were identified, 29 constituents of them were first discovered. 24 constituents were discovered in two extract. Fingerprint is a good technology to elevate the quality of herb medicine. The main active fraction can be extracted by SDE and SFE, Fingerprint was studied respective, chromatographic parameter was acquired. 22 peaks were assigned common peaks in the spectrum of essential oil, 17 peaks were assigned to common peaks in the spectrum of SFE extract.

采用现代共性关键技术超临界CO_2萃取技术，通过正交试验，优选了超临界CO_2提取牛至挥发油的工艺，并与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法进行了比较研究，结果显示：前者提取有效部位的收率为后者的4.87倍，主要有效成分的转移率是后者的1.36倍；采用GC-MS分析方法和NIST质谱库检索，对SFE和SDE所提化学成分进行比较，SFE分离鉴定了57种化合物，占提取物总含量的86.96％，其中29种化合物为首次从该植物中鉴定；后者分离鉴定了69个化合物，占提取物总量的98.28％，其中27种化合物为首次从该植物中鉴定；两种方法的提取物中共有成分25种，包括主要有效成分麝香草酚、香荆芥酚、对聚伞花素等。

The dissertation has made a careful analysis of the features and functions of such components of the rhetorical question as adverb, modal verb, interrogative pronoun and other special ones. A special attention is given to modal verb and interrogative pronoun in the rhetorical question.

为了做到分析的全面性，本文分析了反问句各种成分的特点和作用，包括构成反问句的结构成分、凸显反诘语气的结构成分，涉及到副词、情态动词、疑问代词以及反问句中出现的特殊语用成分，特别是对情态动词和疑问代词在反问句中的特点进行了比较详细的描写和比较。

Rice bran wax to fatty acids and senior wax mainly composed of alcohol, fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16), Gan II acid (C22), wood wax acid (C24), wax acid [26 acid] (C26) and other major components of wax alcohols have wax alcohol (C26), different serine alcohol wax, beeswax alcohol (C30), etc.; also contains alcohol to beeswax (C30), wax alcohol, alcohol wax for different serine The main constituents of unsaponifiable matter and a number of free acid mainly palmitic acid is brown, trace of alcohols, 30, such as carbon six elemene liposome.

米糠蜡以脂肪酸和高级蜡醇为主要成分，脂肪酸中有棕榈酸（C16）、甘二烷酸（C22）、木蜡酸（C24）、蜡酸（C26）等主要蜡醇成分中有蜡醇（C26）、异丝氨酸蜡醇、蜂蜡醇（C30）等；另外还含有以蜂蜡醇（C30）、蜡醇、异丝氨酸蜡醇为主要成分的不皂化物及若干游离酸（主要是棕是棕榈酸、微量醇类、三十碳六烯脂质等。

The characteristic information of denudation and cumuli area, excavation and transport area, and slope area is highlighted in the first principal components. The information of higher and lower vegetation-cover area is highlighted in the second principal component. Results show that the contribution rate of two principal components in the front achieves 97.16%. And object feature was classified by using characteristic of disturbance and vegetation.

对研究区TM影像进行主成分分析，剥离堆垫区、采煤运煤区和边坡区等反映矿区扰动特征的信息主要由第1主成分反映，植被低覆盖区和高覆盖区等反映矿区植被覆盖特征的信息主要由第2主成分反映，两个主成分的贡献率达到97.16％，并利用扰动特征和植被特征对研究区地物进行了分类。

Secondly, the method of hierarchical classification was adopted to divide 282 cities into 3 kinds, the first was mainly capital cities and vice-province cities; the second was mostly eastern coastal cities and some middle cities; the third was western cities and part of middle cities. Thirdly, principle component analysis was taken to get the numbers of principle component, dedicative ratios of each principle component, and indicator values of each kind of cities, then, the differences of numbers of principle component, dedicative ratios of each principle component, and indicator values of each kind was investigated.

然后采用层次聚类分析的方法将282个地级城市分成了3类，采用主成分分析的方法分别对每一类型城市进行分析，得出每类型城市主成分的组数、每组主成分的贡献率及指标的因子值，分析了各类型城市主成分及指标因子值的差异。

Through one year continuous observation the water chemistry,the seasonal,annual changes of water chemical composition and hydrochemistry type were mastered.which has important scientific significance on Chemical composition of groundwater and river water sources and changes regulation,as well as chemical characteristics of water,This research has practical significance on thescientificly and rationally development and utilization of local water resources and tourism reseo...urces and environmental protection.

通过对该地区水化学成分连续的观测。可以查明翠华山和少陵塬地区河水与泉水化学成分的季节变化、年变化及其水化学类型等，这对揭示该区地下水与河水化学成分来源与变化规律以及水化学特征有重要科学意义。

RESULTS: Some peaks were identified by MS/MS; The fingerprints of them had lettle difference; The contents of two constituents in cultivated licorice root of different growing years were varied dynamically.

结果：鉴定了部分成分的化学结构；野生与栽培甘草所含成分大部分相同，仅有少量区别；栽培甘草中少数成分随栽培年限不同有所变化。

But in fermented juice, the most of volatile components is esters, about 74.92%, the propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, butyl ester is 64.36%.

而在诺丽鲜果中脂肪酸是主要的挥发性成分，占总挥发性成分43.34%，十八烯酸就占了20.34%；在诺丽发酵汁中主要的挥发性成分是酯类，占了总挥发性成分的74.92%，而2-羟基丙酸丁酯就占了64.36％。

By analyzing plenty of experimental references, it expatiates on the characteristics of the compositions, mineral and chemistry ingredients of the faults, and emphasizes the effects influenced by the outer dynamic geology action, the surrounding rock environment and the lodging environment.

通过大量的分析试验资料，阐述了断层的颗粒成分、矿物成分和化学成分特征，强调了外动力地质作用、围岩环境、赋存环境对断层岩物质成分的影响和制约作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。