戏曲

Semi-professional refers to performers formed in the slack season to business performance-based drama class society, or theater.

半专业的指由戏曲艺人在农闲时组成的以营业演出为主的戏曲班社或剧团。

The communicator of classical Chinese vernacular novels and dramas is characteristically ambiguous and complex, ambiguous in that the communicator hides himself for fear of the hegemony of the dominant discourse, the special ways of communication such as "taletelling","acting"and rewriting, and signature confusion because of the booksellers' default; and complex in that the communicator plays plural social roles and he comes into a unity with the receiver as a result of the special communication ways.

前者表现在两个方面：一是传播者慑于统治者的话语霸权而隐身于幕后；二是由白话小说戏曲"说话"、"表演"、改编等特殊的传播方式，以及书商作伪等导致的署名权之争。后者也表现在两个方面：一是传播者在传播过程中的身兼数职及其社会身分的复杂；二是由白话小说戏曲特殊的传播方式决定的传播者与接受者的合为一体。

The present paper falls within the scope of three historical phases, Japanese Colonial Period, Post-hostilities Period and contemporary relevance; it takes diachronic Luan-tan Opera audio materials in the same play for the research theme, cuts into the angle with vernacularism, attempts to observe the varieties of language changing while these troupes were trying to fit in the environment.

本论文以日治、战后及当代三个历史段落为范围，选择跨越两个时空以上、相同剧目的乱弹戏有声资料为研究题材，并以戏曲剧种的白字化为切入视角，试图观照戏曲剧种适应环境所因应的变异性，即「剧种语言」在地化的现象。

At the beginning of the dissertation, the author explained some main concepts and methods, in addition, the major concerns of the social background of Ming and Qing Dynasty and basic spreading characteristics of "Xixiangji". Social pastime and social position of traditional opera turned from vulgar to elegant formed the direct reason of the prosperity of Ming and Qing traditional opera. During the time the general characteristic of the spreading of "Xixiangji"can be concluded as follows: wide-spreading. Chapter Ⅰ, study of the play.

本文的前言部分，除了按照惯例，对课题的提出、研究方法以及一些概念加以说明和论述之外，我们主要针对明清时期的社会背景和《西厢记》传播的基本特点加以探讨和介绍，认为社会的娱乐风气和戏曲文学的社会地位由俗到雅的提升是构成明清戏曲传播繁荣兴盛的直接因素；明清时期《西厢记》传播的总体特征可概括为：受众多、传播时间长、分布广。

In fact, Tang Ying4li collection of plays, Gubotang chuanqi, was appreciated and performed widely among the literati and ordinary people. Through many of Tang Ying's plays, which are still very popular on the stage nowadays, his distinct skill in lending Huabu and Yabu and some original features of the singing tones in regional drama are preserved.

事实上，唐英的《古柏堂传奇》，自创作以来，雅俗共赏，传演不衰，至今仍有许多剧目活跃於戏曲舞台之上，为我们保留「花雅融合」的具体轨迹，以及部分地方戏曲声腔的原始面貌。

Language eyeshot expounds the attention between the playwrights' outer eyeshot and the actors' inner eyeshot, and the influence on the audience's acceptant eyeshot.

通过对这些外在与内在因素的分析，本文希望能够探寻到中国戏曲独特话语模式的成因，也能更好地把握中国戏曲特有的艺术魅力。

Growing in Chinese traditional agricultural society, Chinese opera has developed at ease in the cultural environments and communication networks which were created by its autarkic agricultural civilization. Nevertheless, when modern media—such as Shenbao, a kind of newspaper in Shanghai—occurred one by one, with a gesture of modern civilization, Chinese opera began its development and propagation within the communication networks which were cultivated by modern civilization.

戏曲艺术作为中国传统农耕社会的产物，在其原本自给自足的农耕文明所创造的文化环境和传播体系中自在发展，待到以现代文明姿态出现的《申报》等现代媒介的出现，戏曲艺术开始在现代文明所培育的传播体系中生息与繁衍。

To adapt western canonic works with elements of traditional Chinese Opera, to fuse eastern and western theatre art, and to strike a new path for traditional Chinese Opera--such features have become the troupe's hallmarks.

多次取经西方经典，再以中国传统戏曲的元素加以改编，融合东西方剧场艺术，开辟传统戏曲新道路，已成为当代传奇剧场独有的精神与特色。

The drama art in Xinjiang, haw a long history, Each nation created its drama with unique artistic characteristics and styles based on its traditional culture. According to form and genre, the drama is divided into opera, dance drama and local drama. If distingue by national feature and region, I key are Uighur opera, Kazak opera, Sibo opera, melody opera and other local opera from the other pants of China.

新疆的戏剧艺术具有悠久的历史，各个民族在自己传统文化的基础上创造了独具艺术特色与风格的民族戏剧，按其艺术形式和体裁划分有歌剧、舞剧和地方戏曲，以民族特点和地域划分则有维吾尔剧、哈萨克剧、锡伯剧以及从我国内地传入新疆的曲子戏和其它地方戏曲。

The theater and the performance group should reform the system of the economic and the human resources etc.,and to establish the system of the prize and punishment and the modern management,to develop the playwriter/the director and the stage designer who know well and love the tradition-al play,to use the talented person who is good at the marketing and the management to lead the Chinese traditional play to a prosperous future.

戏曲院团要认真进行经济体制的改革、人事制度的改革、用人机制的改革，建立奖惩机制和现代管理体制，主动出击，真抓实干，培养本剧种的明星领军演员，并培养熟悉热爱本剧种的编剧、导演、舞美人才，重用懂营销、会经营的人才，为戏曲开出一条充满生机的道路。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。