戊酸

The recent development in the toughening and plasticization of poly or poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxybutyvalerate) was reviewed.

总结了近年来国内外关于聚羟基丁酸酯和聚羟基丁酸酯-co-羟基戊酸酯共聚物在增韧和增塑改性方面的研究进展。

The results of in vitro culture show that sodium fumarate increased NDF digestibility, total volatile fatty acid concentration and propionate proportion, decreased ammonia concentration, and acetate, butyrate, and valerate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio when using bermudagrass hay as the substrate.

体外培养的结果显示，当使用百慕达乾草为受质时，添加延胡索酸钠，提高了中洗纤维消失率、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸的百分比，降低了氨浓度、乙酸、丁酸和戊酸的百分比，乙酸对丙酸的比例降低。

The type, initial feeding time and concentration of precursor for HV unit formation had great effects on PHBV production in shake flasks. Propionate was selected as the better precursor for HV fraction than valerate after comprehensive survey of these two precursors. The suitable PHBV shaking-flask culture conditions were obtained through the analysis of PHBV fermentation process, the investigation of several factors by using RSA method and the fed-batch experiments. Cell dry weight, PHBV content, PHBV concentration, HV fraction and yield coefficient of HV unit to propionate were 27. 7g/L, 80.7%, 22. 4g/L, 16. 1mol% and 0.50g/g, respectively.

在共聚物PHBV的摇瓶发酵过程中，PHBV中HV组分形成的前体物质的种类、初始加入时间以及加入量是影响PHBV发酵过程的重要因素；在综合比较丙酸和戊酸这两种前体的基础上，选择丙酸作为HV组分合成前体较适宜；通过对PHBV发酵过程曲线分析、影响PHBV发酵指标的各因素的响应面分析以及摇瓶发酵补料试验，得到了较适宜的PHBV摇瓶发酵补料条件，在此条件下，细胞干重、PHBV含量、PHBV浓度、HV组分含量和HV组分对丙酸的产率系数可分别达到27.7g/L、80.7％、22.4g/L、16.1mo1％和

In addition, there were also some special aromatic substances such as 1-nonanol, hexanoic acid 2-hexenyl ester, propanoic acid 2-hexenyl ester, butanioc acid 3-hexenyl estertrans-2-hexenyl valerate, theaspirane, gerenylacetone, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate.

此外还含有一些少量的1-壬醇、己酸－2-己烯酯、丙酸－反－2-己烯酯、丁酸－反－3-己烯酯、戊酸－反－2-己烯酯、茶螺烷、香叶基丙酮、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯和乙酸辛酯等。

Macroporous tributyl amine aminating strongly basic anion exchange resin-a phase transfer catalyst with high catalytic activity for nucleophilic substitution,which was screened out via combinatorial chemistry method –was used to catalyze the nucleophilic substitution reactions for synthesis of benzyl acetate,benzyl propionate,benzyl butyrate and benzyl valerate.

用组合化学方法筛选出的对无外加碱条件下的亲核取代催化活性最高的聚合物季铵盐–三丁胺胺化强碱性阴离子交换树脂为相转移催化剂，催化合成了乙酸苄酯、丙酸苄酯、丁酸苄酯、戊酸苄酯等羧酸苄酯。

When using mixed diet as the substrate, sodium fumarate addition increased NDF digestibility, xylanase activity, total VFA concentration and propionate proportion, decreased acetate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio.

当使用混合日粮为受质时，添加延胡索酸钠，提高了中洗纤维消失率、木聚糖酵素活性、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸的百分比，降低了乙酸、异丁酸与异戊酸的百分比和乙酸对丙酸的比例。

With mixed diet as a substrate, supplying sodium fumarate increased neutral detergent fiber digestion, CMCase activity, and propionate proportion, but decreased acetate, butyrate, and isovalerate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio.

当使用混合日粮（60%百慕达乾草+40%精料）为受质时，补充延胡索酸钠，提高了中洗纤维消失率、羧甲基纤维素分解酵素活性和丙酸的百分比，降低了乙酸、丁酸和异戊酸的百分比和乙酸对丙酸的比例。

Isovaleric, Methylmalonic, and Propionic Acid Decrease Anesthetic EC50 in Tadpoles, Modulate Glycine Receptor Function, and Interact with the Lipid 1,2-Dipalmitoyl- Sn -Glycero-3-Phosphocholine

蝌蚪实验显示异戊酸、甲基丙二酸及丙酸能减少麻醉药物 EC50值，调节甘氨酸受体功能以及与二棕榈酸磷脂酰胆碱相互作用

There were ten compounds gave the large contribution on the flavor of milk fat,they were octanal,2-nononone,ethyl carpylate,butanoic-acid,pentanoic acid,2-tridecanone,hexanoic acid,heptanioc acid,octanioc acid(flower-like,a little winey)and an unknown compound.

利用GC-O与GC-MS结合鉴定天然乳脂风味中的特征致香成分，鉴定出有十种物质对于乳脂的风味是有较大贡献的，分别是辛醛、2-壬酮、辛酸乙酯、丁酸、戊酸、2-十三酮、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、还有一种未知化合物。

The research results demonstrated that it was a good method that hydrxoypivalic acid was prepared from hydroxypivalaldhyde by the direct electrooxidation method at the lead dioxide and tin dioxide electrodes.

以羟基新戊醛为原料，PbO2电极对羟基新戊醛的电催化活性最高，以硫酸为支持电解质，有隔膜电解槽内，生成羟基新戊酸的选择性和电流效率最高。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。