戊酸

In order to research the relations of carbon sources to structure of PHAs, six kinds of PHAs sample were synthesized by activated sludge with six different carbon sources respectively in the aerobic-anaerobic-anoxic process. Their structures were determined by 〓HNMR、〓CNMR and GC-MS. When the carbon source was acetate, the unit composition of PHAs was 93. 91mol％ 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 6. 09mol％ 3-hydroxypentanoic acid ; When the carbon source was propionate, the unit composition of PHAs was 28. 66mol％ HB, 63. 13mol％HV, 2. 55mol％ 2-methy-3-hydroxy-butanoic acid (2MHB) and 5. 66mol％ 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (2MHV); When the carbon source was 80％ butyrate and 20％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 03mol％ HB, 28. 06mol％HV, 1. 91mol％2MHB, 2. 69mol％ 2MHV, 0.73mol％ 4-hydroxy butanoic acid (4HB), 0.78mol％ 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid (4MHV), 0.80mol％ 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid ; When the carbon source was 20％ butyrate and 80％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 61. 39mol％ HB, 23. 01mol％HV, 4. 58mol％2MHB, 5. 97mol％ 2MHV, 0.91mol％ 4HB, 2. 37mol％ 4MHV, 1. 77mol％ HHx; When the carbon source was 60％ pentanoate and 40％glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 41. 24mol％ HB, 58. 76mol％HV; When the carbon source was 60％ benzoate and 40％ glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 48mol％ HB and 34. 52mol％ HV.

为了研究不同碳源与产物PHAs结构的关系，采用好氧-厌氧-缺氧模式利用6种不同碳源培养活性污泥得到6种不同的PHAs样品，通过〓HNMR、〓CNMR和GC-MS谱图确定了这6种PHAs的单体成分和比例：以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成是93.91mol％3-羟基丁酸和6.09mol％3-羟基戊酸；以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成除28.66mol％HB、63.13mol％HV外，另外还有2.55mol％3-羟基2-甲基丁酸（2MHB）和5.66mol％3-羟基2-甲基戊酸（2MHV）；以80％丁酸钠和20％1，4-丁二醇混合溶液培养活性污泥得到的PHAs含有七种单体组成：65.03mol％HB，28.06mol％HV，1.91mol％2MHB，2.69mol％2MHV，0.73mol％4-HB（4-羟基丁酸），0.78mol％4MHV（3-羟基-4-甲基戊酸），0.80％HHx（3-羟基己酸）；以20％丁酸钠和80％1，4-丁二醇培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs含有与3#样品相同的七种单体，只是比例不同，分别是61.39mol％，23.01mol％，4.58mol％，5.97mol％，0.91mol％，2.37mol％，1.77mol％；以60％戊酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs由HB和HV组成，比例是41.24 mol％∶58.76 mol％；以60％苯甲酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs也由HB和HV组成，比例是65.48 mol％∶34.52 mol％。

Synthesis of methyl pentyl carbonate by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate and pentanol

首次用磷酸铝分子筛催化戊酸与正戊醇的酯化反应合成了戊酸正戊酯。

Main products are special acid, pentyl chloride, methyl chloride acid special, special acid methyl iodine, phosphorous acid, hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, industrial naphthalene, coal tar, fuel oil, wash oil, naphtha, Anthracene oil.

主要产品为特戊酸、特戊酰氯、特戊酸氯甲酯、特戊酸碘甲酯、亚磷酸、盐酸、稀硫酸，工业萘、煤焦油、燃料油、洗油、轻油、蒽油等。

Major procurement of goods: a three-chlorosilanes, dichloromethane, AE activity ester, 3-iodine Silane, special acid, pentyl chloride, triethylamine, thiadiazole, tetrazolylazo acid, 2 - Acetamide, tetrahydrofuran, the four-guanidine, isopropanol, five phosphorus trichloride, sodium vary bitter, acid, sodium phenylacetate, 6-2 silicon n-amine, Ethylacetoacetate , Methyl isobutyl ketone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminium oxide, DL methionine, N, N-dimethylaniline, NN-diethyl aniline, 4 sodium EDTA, Anhydrous sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, DMC, formic acid, sodium chloride medicinal, oxalate, protopine, acetone, alcohol, acetic acid, vinegar Ethyl, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol (anhydrous, industrial, medicinal), formaldehyde, Ye Jian (30%), hydrochloride (industrial-grade, refined grade, reagent level), sulfate (98%), Ammonia, calcium carbonate, chlorine dioxide, 6 - APA ,7-ACA ,7-ADCA ,7-ANCA, sulbactam, ceftazidime activity ester, Deng salt (hydroxymethyl-K, acid precursors Potassium, sodium dihydrogen methyl), resin, the enzyme, water treatment agent, Xiao Mo agent, demulsifier, flocculants, activated carbon, all kinds of medicinal materials, All kinds of additives

三甲基一氯硅烷、二氯甲烷、AE活性酯、三甲基碘硅烷、特戊酸、特戊酰氯、三乙胺、噻二唑、四氮唑乙酸、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、四甲基胍、异丙醇、五氯化磷、异辛酸钠、苯乙酸、苯乙酸钠、六甲基二硅胺烷、乙酰乙酸乙酯、甲基异丁酮、磷酸二氢钾、三氧化二铝、DL蛋氨酸、N，N-二甲基苯胺、NN-二乙基苯胺、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、无水硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫酸钾、醋酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸二甲酯、甲酸、药用氯化钠、草酸、片碱、丙酮、正丁醇、冰醋酸、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、甲醇、乙醇、甲醛、液碱（30％）、盐酸（工业级、精制级、试剂级）、硫酸（98％）、氨水、碳酸钙、二氧化氯、6－APA、7－ACA、7－ADCA 、7－ANCA、舒巴坦、头孢他啶活性酯、邓盐(羟甲基钾、前体酸钾、二氢甲基钠)、树脂、生物酶、水处理剂、消沫剂、破乳剂、絮凝剂、活性碳、各种药用辅料、各种添加剂

The results show that there were no significant differences among the four forage rations in rumen pH, the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, the ratios of acetate to propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate（P﹥0.05）. Only in 11:30, the concentrations of isovalerate caused by ration A and B were significantly higher than the other two rations(P﹤0.05).The milk yield caused by the ration C was significantly lower than the others (P﹤0.05). However, there were also no significantly differences among these four rations in the DM, fat, sugar, protein and scc of the milk. The milk fat and sugar of ration B and C were higher than ration A and D in number as well.

试验结果显示：各粗料组合日粮对各个时间点的瘤胃发酵指标：pH、TVFA、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸浓度均无显著差异（P﹥0.05），只在11：30时，日粮A、B的异戊酸浓度显著低于日粮C、D (P﹤0.05)；日粮C的产奶量显著低于其它三个日粮，而在乳干物质、乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、体细胞数上，各日粮均无显著差异，从数值上看，日粮B、C的乳脂和乳糖高于A、D。

The results showed that there were 8 kinds of aliphatic, 5 kinds of esters, 2 kinds of aldehydes, 2 kinds of nitrogen sulfur heterocyclic rings and one kind of hydrocarbon, alcoholics, ketone, lactones respectively in the analyzed 21 kinds of aroma components, and the content of furfural,β-methyl valeric acid, palmitic acid, nicotine, neohytadiene were higher, next were acetyl ethyl propionate, caleric acid, phenyl ethyl acetate, hydroxylic diethyl succinate.

结果表明，在分析出的21种香气成分中，分别有脂肪酸类8种，酯类5种，醛类2种，氮硫杂环类2种，烃类、醇类、酮类、内酯类各l种，其中相对含量较高的物质成分是糠醛、β-甲基戊酸、十六碳酸、烟碱、新植二烯，其次是乙酰丙酸乙酯、异戊酸、苯乙酸乙酯、羟基丁二酸二乙酯等。

Better results could be obtained, For 40 hours fermentation, cell dry weight and PHB concentration reached 32.7 g · L-1 and 21.4g · L-1 respectively.The synthesis of Poly (β-Hydroxybutyrate-co-β-Hydroxyvalerate) by the strain G-IIIy from different precusor was studied. It was found that the strain G-IIIy could accumulate PHBV with sucrose as carbon source and propionic acid or valeric acid as precursor . In 2L self-controlled fermentor, the dry cell weight, PHBV concentration and PHBV content reached 35.8g·L-1, 22.6g·L-1 and 38.4% respectively in the case of fermentation for 42 hours and the propionic acid as precursor.

研究了添加不同前体物，G-Ⅲy菌株生产聚β-羟基丁酸和聚β-羟基戊酸共聚物的发酵条件，结果表明，此菌株能以丙酸或戊酸为前体，在蔗糖为碳源的条件下合成PHBV共聚物；在2L发酵罐中，以丙酸为前体，发酵16小时开始流加丙酸，根据发酵液pH值变化控制丙酸流加量，发酵42小时，细胞干重、PHBV产量和含量分别达到35.8g/L，22.6g/L，63.13％。

Our main products category has chloride (pivaloyl chloride, acetyl chloride, Propionyl chloride, methyl acryloyl chloride, butyl chloride, 2 - furyl chloride already chloride, acryloyl chloride, is amyl chloride, etc.) and acids (positive acid, pivalate, propionate, acetic acid, methyl acrylate, 2 - furoic acid, etc.) and so on dozens of products.

我公司主要生产的产品有酰氯类（特戊酰氯、乙酰氯、丙酰氯、甲基丙烯酰氯、正丁酰氯、2-呋喃甲酰氯、己酰氯、丙烯酰氯、正戊酰氯等）和酸类（正丁酸、特戊酸、丙酸、乙酸、甲基丙烯酸、2-呋喃甲酸等）等几十种产品。

Effects of isovaleric acid on the biosynthesis of biotechspiramycin were carried out in order to improve the percentage of isovalerylspiramycin Ⅲ and total isovalerylspiramycin of multi-components biotechspiramycin .

为了进一步提高多组分必特螺旋霉素中异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量，本文通过外源添加浓度为0.5 g/L的异戊酸使异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量分别比对照提高了38.32%和31%。

The influences of the reaction time,the reaction temperature,the mole ratio of isovaleric acid to isoamyl alcohol,the quantity of solid surperacid catalysts on the conversion rate of iaovaleric acid were studied.

介绍了一种利用超强酸TiO2/SO2－4催化合成异戊酸异戊酯的新工艺，研究了固体超强酸催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对异戊酸转化率的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。