慢性

To evaluate the effect of cold stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis in chic-kens,15-day-old male Isa chickens were subjected to acute(for 15min,1h,3h,6h,12h and 24h,respectively) and chronic(for 5d,10d and 20d,respectively) cold stress at 12℃±1℃.The level of expression of corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA in hypothalami and the contents of adrenocorticotrophic hormone,aldosterone and cortisol in serum of the chickens were detected.

为探明冷应激对雏鸡下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的影响，对15日龄公雏鸡进行了急性(15min、1h、3h、6h、12h和24h)与慢性(5d、10d和20d)冷应激处理(12℃±1℃)，检测了雏鸡下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素mRNA的表达水平及血清促肾上腺皮质激素、醛固酮及皮质醇的含量。

In addition to inflammatory rheumatic disease, current smoking was independently associated with more pronounced chronic inflammatory infiltration in the inner adventitia.

此外炎性风湿性疾病，目前吸烟独立相关较明显的慢性炎症细胞浸润于外膜内。

Renal osteodystrophy is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure. According to difference in bone turnover rates, it is classified into high turnover renal osteodystrophy, and low turnover renal osteodystrophy (including mixed uremic osteodystrophy, aluminum-induced osteomalacia and adynamic bone disease).

肾骨病变为慢性肾衰竭病患常见之并发症，其传统之分类根据骨周转速率之不同分为高周转型骨病变，及低周转型骨病变（包括混合型肾骨病变，铝中毒引起之骨软化症，及再生不良型骨病变）。

Results The amount of aerobe bacteria in the rat ileum after chronic alcohol abuse was ten folds higher than in normal control, especially with coccus, meanwhile the number of lactobacillus declined.

结果慢性酒精组大鼠小肠需氧菌总量较对照组增加约10倍，以球菌增加明显，乳酸杆菌绝对值减少，与需氧菌的比例下降38%。

A case report is presented describing the behavioral treatment of chronic belching due to aerophagia in an adult female.

个案报告是描述了行为治疗慢性打嗝由于aerophagia的成年女性。

The results indicated that the prevalence of GERD in Wuhan was highest among these five sities; those residents lived in rural region with lower education level, family history of GI tumors or other GI diseases, worse health status and spirit status were more likely to suffer from GERD; Moreover, those residents who had some anamneses (such as dyspepsia, gastritis, rheumatic arthritis), and some diseases (such as irritable bowel syndrome and aerophagia) were also more likely to report GERD.

结果表明，在调查的五个城市中武汉的GERD发病情况最重；农村居民、文化程度越低、健康状况和精神状况越差者，以及有胃肠道疾病或肿瘤家族史的人更可能患GERD；而那些既往患有慢性胃炎、消化不良、风湿性关节炎，现患有肠易激综合征、吞气症的人，同样也更可能患GERD。

The primary noxious afferent neurotransmitters excitatory glutamate and substance P play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain.

初级伤害性传入神经元的兴奋性递质谷氨酸和P物质对慢性炎性痛的形成和维持起到非常关键的作用。

If you do not overlook this problem, it can become chronic at afterward stages.

如果你不能忽视这个问题，它可以成为慢性在事后阶段。

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of inhaled corticosteroid combined with longacting β2 agonist on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

目的：探讨联合吸入糖皮质激素与长效β2激动剂对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗作用。

PX could reduce AHR induced by acute or chronic smoking.

PX能降低由急、慢性吸烟所引起的气道高反应。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。