感染

Through the analysis of the conditions and therapeutic effects of 60 cases of the disease, we considered that urethral retention- catheterization and ureteric reflux are the main causes for urinary tract infection,and defense hypofunction of the host is a condition causing the infection.

通过对60例截瘫患者尿路感染病情及疗效分析，我们认为：保留导尿、输尿管返流是诱发尿路感染的最主要原因，宿主的防御功能低下是构成尿路感染的条件；在病程的不同阶段尿路感染各有特点；减少这一并发症的关键在于预防；采用中西医结合疗法能明显提高疗效。

In this study, a reverse genetic system was tried to establish for the avian influenza virus A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) and for the Borna disease virus respectively.

A型流感病毒能够感染哺乳动物和各种鸟类，其中禽流感病毒已经给世界养禽业造成巨大损失，同时也是人类健康潜在威胁。鲍纳病毒能够感染多种温血动物，并可造成感染动物中枢神经系统持续感染，导致神经系统疾病。

The basic regulation on the changes in amount of organisms in animals was expressed by the fact that the percentages of erythrocytes being infected increased rapidly op to 96-98% 2-4 hours after infection, then it dropped down and followed by dropping and re-rising, attaining its climax up to 8 hours after infection. Finally, it reflected a fluctuating cycle of 14-16 boors.

结果 附红细胞体在－20℃下保存835d，在4℃下保存205d，仍有一定的活力；猪附红细胞体可以感染小白鼠而不能感染鸡；附红细胞体在动物体内变化的基本规律是在感染后，2-4h RBC的感染率迅速上升到96%~98%，然后下降又上升，在感染后第8h再次达到高峰，最后呈现周期性的上下波动，波动的基本周期是14-16h。

Results Among16826 subject cases,1 case of squamous cell caroinoma has been found,2cases of CIN-3,12cases of CIN-2,and391 cases of CIN-1 have been found And among the found cases,there are263 caese of CIN-1 case of HPV infection;197cases of trichomonal infection;388cases of candidal infection,156 cases of bacterial infection .14410cases of inflammatory cell changing;2001 cases of ceriical intraepithelial neoplasia,8cases of ASC-US and1 case of AGUS.

结果 16826例标本中，发现1例鳞状细胞癌；2例CIN-3；12例CIN-2；391例CIN-1，其中263例 CIN-1HPV感染；滴虫感染197例；霉菌感染388例；细菌感染156例；有炎性反应性细胞改变的14410例；无上皮内病变或恶性瘤变的2001例；8例ASC-US；1例AGUS。

Results: Immature cysticerci were found in liver, heart, brain, lungs, tongue, and muscles of limbs and body on the 40 day. On the 80 day, cysticerci were bigger and matured. On the 120 and 150 days, large quantity of mature and alive cysticerci were found in all infected organs except liver in which the cysticerci gradually died. Cysticerci were not found to grow in kidney or spleen all the time.

结果：感染后第40天剖杀家猪，多数脏器和组织，如肝脏、心脏、脑、肺、舌、四肢及驱干肌肉内有未成熟囊尾蚴寄生；感染第80天时各器官及组织内囊尾蚴先后发育成熟，囊尾蚴随感染时间增加而逐渐增大；感染第120天或第150天时，除肝脏外各器官及组织内仍可见大量成熟囊尾蚴，且无死亡和钙化现象，而此时肝脏内囊尾蚴几乎全部死亡和钙化；在实验全过程中，肾脏和脾脏未见囊尾蚴寄生。

The highest population ratio of druggies that were infected by HIV via sharing injector was in Taiwan, followed by Mainland China and Macao, and the least in Hong Kong.

结果 吸毒人数占人口由高至低是香港、澳门、国内、台湾；四地滥用药物最多的均是海洛因；经共享针筒感染HIV的人数由多至少是国内、台湾、香港、澳门；经共享针筒感染HIV占该年度HIV感染人数比例由高至低是台湾、国内、澳门、香港；经共享针筒感染HIV占吸毒人数比例由高至低是台湾、国内、澳门、香港。

To investigate the role of cytokine in the pathogenesis of enterovirus central nervous system infections, 14 children with encephalitis (6 infected by enterovirus 71) and 21 children with meningitis (14 infected by echovirus 30 and 7 infected by echovirus 6) were recruited.

为了研究肠病毒中枢神经系统感染，其细胞激素的病理作用，我们收集了14位脑炎病童（其中6位感染到肠病毒71型）和21位脑膜炎病童(其中14位感染到echo病毒30型，另外7位感染到echo病毒6型)。

Infection by baculoviruses not always results in insect death, and persistent baculoviruses are popular haboured in insect populations. Moreover, the persistent infection can be transformed to a replicative and infective state caused by stress factors, which can cause epizootics in outbreak populations.

杆状病毒感染昆虫宿主并不一定导致昆虫死亡，其持续感染在昆虫种群中普遍存在，且在某些刺激条件下，持续感染可被激活为增殖性感染并引发病毒流行病爆发。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

Members of the HSP60 and HSP70 families represent major targets for antibodies in many infections with helminths, protozoa and bacteria. 10% to 20% of all T cells which respond to M. tb in infected mice are specifical for HSP65, this suggest that HSP65 is the major target for T cell when infection and give us a new thinking.

在多种感染中(包括蠕虫、原虫及微生物感染)，抗体应答是针对HSP60和HSP70家族的，结核杆菌感染小鼠10％～20％的T细胞细胞应答是针对HSP65的，提示HSP65是结核杆菌感染时T细胞攻击的主要对象，这为疫苗的开发提供了一种新思路。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。