感染

The re-suits showed that IL level in serum of Ⅰ group goats decreased, whereas that of Ⅱ group goats increased, TNF-α levels in serum and IL-2 in supernatant with proliferation of PBL of goats increased after infection. PBL of goats was responsible for antigen 1 week after infection. Immune response of PBL of goats infected with Fasciola hepatica on the special and non-special antigen obviously increased. The results suggested that TNF-α would participate in the course of liver damage caused by Fasciola hepatica.

结果表明，山羊试验感染肝片吸虫后，Ⅰ组山羊血清IL-2水平在感染后有所下降，而Ⅱ组山羊血清IL-2水平在感染后有所升高；感染不同剂量肝片吸虫的山羊血清TNF-α水平和淋巴细胞IL-2分泌水平均有不同程度的升高，在感染后第1周淋巴细胞就有反应，并且对非特异性刺激原和特异性刺激原的应答都有显著升高。

Nosocomial infection also affected prognosis of cancer, with longer hospital stay and higher death rate. Respiratory infection was the main infection and counted for 48.72%. Monilia ranked the first in pathogenic bacteria, and the ratio between bacillus and coccobacteria showed obvious disorder.

医院感染还影响恶性肿瘤的预后，表现在受感染的患者住院时间延长、死亡率提高；感染部位以呼吸道感染为主，感染率为48.72%；引起医院感染的病原菌以念珠菌为首，杆菌与球菌比例明显失调。

Tumors in patients with HCV are multinodular and less differentiated, and were associated with a higher incidence of vascular invasion and cirrhosis.

肝内复发肿瘤为多发者在HCV感染组发生率最高（占肝内复发肿瘤的66.0%），其次为HBV+HCV感染组（28.6%），HBV感染组（23.3%）及无感染组（17.6%）。413例小肝癌患者术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为89%、70%和61%，HCV感染组预后最差。

Results the positive rate of hpv6.11,hpv16.18,hpv6.11/16.18 were 52（25.4%）、45（22.0%）、26（12.7%） respectivelys. logistic regression analysis and multiple factor variance analysis showed clearing degree and h2o2 concentration promoted hpv6.11/16.18 infection and speeded infection process. but pyocyte, mycetes, neuraminidase had no dependability with hpv6.11/16.18 infection.

结果 205例疑似尖锐湿疣感染患者检出hpv6.11、hpv16.18、hpv6.11/16.18阳性例数为52、45、26.logistic回归和多因素方差分析结果表明，清洁度和h2o2浓度与hpv6.11/16.18感染和加速感染进程密切相关，与脓细胞、霉菌、唾液酸苷酶并无相关性。ph值、白细胞、霉菌、滴虫、线索细胞、白细胞酯酶与hpv6.11/16.18感染虽无相关性，但在引起hpv6.11/16.18感染方面起到重要作用。

objective to study the risk factors on esbl producing strains of k.pneumoniae and e.coli.methods aprospective survey on esbl producing strainsof k.pneumoniae and e.coli for a36-month period.results the resistance rates ofe.coli were:98.08%for ctx,73.08%for amc.the resistance rates of k.pneuˉmonialwere;95.74%for ctx,97.87%for amc.the use rate of third generation cephalosporins was much higher than those of esbls nonproducing strains（p.05）.it induce esbls that3rd generation cephalosporins were used extensive.after strenghtening the antibiotic controls,esbls detection rate has gone down.conclusion the factors of infection of esbl-producing strains were the severity diseases,cellular immunological condition,improper medical manipulations.to prevent esbl-producing strains,reasonable antibiotics usage may be the effective measure.

目的 分析临床大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌产esbls的危险因素，并加以控制。方法前瞻性监测产esbls菌的情况，并对感染者进行临床调查。结果产esbls的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率头孢噻肟钠为98.08%和95.74%，阿莫西林+棒酸为73.08%和97.87%，产esbls菌感染者头孢第三代的使用率（70.21%）显著高于非产esbls菌感染者（39.47%）（p.05）；第三代头孢的大量使用诱导esbls的产生。通过加强抗感染药物的使用管理esbls检出率开始下降。结论严重的基础病、高龄、机体免疫力低下，长期住院者是esbls菌感染的易感宿主，皮质激素、化疗及介入性疗法是esbls感染的高危因素。滥用抗感染药是产生esbls的重要因素，合理使用抗感染药是防止esbls产生的主要措施。

Results Complications of deep white candidiasis infection inside the hospital mostly took place among patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, malignant tumors and nosohemia,accounting for 59.09%.Infection was in direct proportion with the length of hospitalization.The chief factor leading to infection was the long-term use in large doses of wide-spectrum antibiotics,especially the use of the third-period cephalosporins,which are wide in spectrum and strong in killing bacteria.White candidiasis infection results from the composite action of multiple dangerous factors. Ofthose infected,40.91%used hormone and 11.36% used immunosuppressive agents as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The application of trauma examination and curing also created conditions for the occurrence of infection.

结果 发生医院内部白色念珠菌感染多系慢性呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和血液病患者，占59.09%；感染与住院时间成正比；广谱抗生素大剂量、长时间应用，特别是选择广谱、杀菌力强的第三代头狍菌素类是致感染的主要因素；白色念珠菌感染是多种危险因素综合作用的结果，感染者使用激素的占40.91%，使用免疫抑制剂及放疗化疗的占11.36%，实施插入性操作及各种介入性治疗为感染创造了条件。

Lack of awareness of hospital infections, not enough attention, the unclear concept, unaccurate diagnostic criteria, unperfect management mechanisms, are the main reasons of hospital infection and infection cases with the omissions and misstatements .

医院感染认识不足，重视程度不够，概念不清，诊断标准掌握不准确，管理机制不健全，是造成医院感染及感染病例漏报与错报发生的主要原因。医院感染；管理；医院感染病例；漏报与错报

Compared to open surgery, patients in the study who underwent laparoscopic surgery experienced 80 percent reduction in the odds of respiratory tract infection, 69 percent reduction in bloodstream infection, 59 percent reduction in wound infection, 39 percent reduction in urinary tract infection and a 48 percent reduction in other types of nosocomial infections across hysterectomies, cholecystectomies and appendectomies.

同开放性手术相比，研究中行腹腔镜外科手术子宫切除术、胆囊切除术及阑尾切除术的病人呼吸道感染可能性降低80%，血流感染降低69%，伤口感染降低59%，泌尿道感染降低39%，其他院内感染降低48

Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: one normal control group,mice in the other three groups were all infected each with 25 cercariae, the infected control group was fed for 10 weeks after infection, and 2 weeks after infection, the high dose PTX group was given PTX 360 mg/ for 8 weeks and the low dose PTX group was given PTX 180 mg/also for 8 weeks.

将40只小鼠随机分为4组，其中3组每只小鼠人工感染日本血吸虫尾蚴25条，1组感染后继续喂养10周，不作治疗，作为感染对照组；2组分别于感染后2周用PTX 360 mg/和180 mg/灌胃治疗8周；另1组不感染、也不接受药物治疗，与上述3组同步喂养10周，作为正常对照组。10周后将上述4组小鼠分别剖杀取肝组织，光镜观察肝组织病变；用免疫组化染色方法检测小鼠肝组织中Bcl-2、Bax的水平。

The results indicated that in the WSSV infection process of the organism, the haemocyte density rose at first and then declined, the value was only 1/5 of that at normal; the percent of infected haemocyte rose and declined at the end as well, but the virus amount in the infected haemocytes kept rising; the organism was going to die when the infected ratio of haemocytes rose to the highest value, revealed that the WSSV infection degree of haemocyte has a close relationship to that of the organism.

以上结果表明，在机体感染进程中，螯虾血细胞密度呈现先升高后下降的趋势，至后期仅为感染前的1/5；血细胞被感染率同时也呈现了先上升后下降的变化趋势，但被感染血细胞中的病毒量则始终呈上升趋势；血细胞处于最高感染率时机体濒临死亡，表明血细胞的WSSV感染程度与机体的感染状况密切相关。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。