感染

The concentration of diluted rv virus solution was determined by counting the nih3t3 cells with fluorescent expression. then the rv/egfp virus was used to transfer sk n sh neuroblastoma cells. the transfection efficiency in sk n sh cell was measured by flow cytometer.

将稀释的rv病毒液感染nih3t3细胞，计数nih3t3荧光表达细胞的数量来确定病毒的浓度；使用rv载体感染sk n sh细胞，通过流式细胞学荧光检测明确rv在sk n sh细胞的感染效率。

The investigators, led by Marie-Laure Chaix, MD, from the Necker Hospital in Paris, France, found that among 12 HIV-infected men who presented with acute HCV infection, the only significant risk factor reported by all patients was sexual exposure. Ten of the 12 patients were infected with HCV genotype 4, subtype 4d, and all of these infections were found to be closely related by type on phylogenetic analysis.

来自法国巴黎Necker Hospital的Marie-Laure Chaix医师表示，在12位感染HIV病毒的男性身上，发现感染到急性C型肝炎，而根据患者陈诉，最明显的媒介就是性行为；这12位患者中有10位染有HCV基因型第4型，次属型4d的病毒，经过病毒亲缘分析后发现，这些感染都和病毒的型态有著密切的关系。

In order to study the factors related to Enterobius infection among per-schoolchildren, a structural questionnaire with multi-stages and a random sampling was designed to interview parents of 702 pre-schoolchildren. The questionnaire included personal information of the children: their educational background and parents' occupation; the status of their housing; their handwashing habits, and their frequency and habits of bathing, etc. In addition, the children's pinworm infections were examined using two-consecutive-day adhesive cellophance paper perianal swabs. Variables causing the pinworm infection among infected and noninfected children were analyzed by x2-test and multi-variable tests including discriminant analysis and stepwise multiple regression.

为了解学龄前儿童蛲虫感染之因素，以结构型问卷多步骤随机抽样访视702名学龄前儿童的家长，问卷的内容包括：儿童个人资料、儿童父母亲教育程度、职业、住屋情形、卧室分配情形、手部卫生习惯、洗澡习惯等，并以连续两天玻璃胶纸肛围擦拭法〈two-consecutive-day adhesive cellophane paper perianal swabs〉检查儿童的蛲虫感染情形，儿童蛲虫感染与各单变项的相关，以卡方检定〈x2-test〉分析，而多变项的分析则以判定分析〈discriminant analysis〉及逐步复回归〈stepwise multiple regression〉进行分析。

Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains, the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai, the avirulent L. interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV, and the nonpathogenic L. biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ, respectively, and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min. The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index. Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection, and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

用三种不同毒力的钩体（致病性问号钩端螺旋体赖型有毒株Lai株、赖型无毒株IPAV株以及非致病性双曲钩端螺旋体Patoc型PatocⅠ株）分别感染体外培养的豚鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并分别于感染后0.5、1.5、3和6 h加入热灭活表皮葡萄球菌孵育30 min，通过计算巨噬细胞对灭活表皮葡萄球菌的吞噬率和吞噬指数，检测钩体对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；感染后3 h透射电镜观察巨噬细胞对钩体的吞噬、降解和细胞超微结构的变化；用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞对钩体的吞噬和巨噬细胞细胞骨架的变化。

How does Vinod Mishra explained this findings, more women could be entering marriage already infected he says. Or they could be getting HIV from nonsexual causes, maybe they receive the injection with the needle that has been used before on someone with HIV.

Vinod Mishra如何解释这种研究结果，很多的妇女在婚前就受感染了，他说，或者他们能够通过非性关系感染HIV，可能他们的感染是通过使用已经携带者使用过的注射针。

Go in all bacteriological examine 94 second, achieve positive result 79 second, rate of positive sending check is amounted to 84.04%, unplug before the canal every week 1 in all 64 bacteriological in examining, electronegative 8 second, occupy 12.5%, pure bacterium affects 52 second, 2 serious infection 1 second, bacterium, fungus mixes infection 3 second, the pathogenic bacteria inside spirit way is phyletic with change bacili of negative of orchid family name is given priority to, bacterium of verdigris holiday single born of the same parents is the first place.

结果首次细菌学检验有23例分离出致病菌，阳性率65.7%，其中革兰氏阴性杆菌17例，占73.9%。35例共行细菌学检验94例次，获得阳性结果79例次，送检阳性率达84.04%，拔管前每周1次共64次细菌学检验中，阴性8例次，占12.5%，单纯细菌感染52例次，二重感染1例次，细菌、真菌混合感染3例次，气道内致病菌种类以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主，铜绿假单胞菌为首位。

In contrast, DBA/2 mice from re-infected with PbANKA showed the high level of parasitemia and the same as that of primary infection; the level of IFN-γ in spleen cell super natants significantly increased on day 4 pi compared with control group (P.01); however, the level of specific IgG in serum didn't obviously elevated (P.01), and all mice died.

相比，PbANKA再感染小鼠出现高水平的原虫血症，与其初次感染水平柯近，再感染后第4d脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ水平出现明显升高(P.01)，而血清中特异性的IgG抗体水平却无明显变化，与正常小鼠水平接近，小鼠全部死亡。

In order to prevent the children infected with parasites, the need for them to form after they wash their hands before eating a good habit of eating fruits and vegetables must be cleaned, because of the specificity of pinworm infection, pinworm infection, as well as the child's clothing to be ground contacts washing drying ground.

为了预防孩子感染寄生虫，需要他们养成饭前便后洗手的好习惯，吃的水果蔬菜一定要清洗干净，由于蛲虫感染的特殊性，感染蛲虫的孩子的衣物以及接触物都要勤洗勤晒。

To observe the histopathological changes of mice experimentally infected with plerocercoid, mice were infected orally by plerocercoids that were collected from Rana nigromaculatus (5 strips/mouse), and were killed 2-10 weeks later to undergo the histopathological observation.

目的 观察小鼠感染曼氏裂头蚴后的组织病理学改变，了解裂头蚴对组织的损害。方法从黑斑蛙体内检获裂头蚴，口服法以5条／只感染昆明小鼠，于感染后第2~10w分别处死小鼠进行组织病理学观察。

Effects of multiplicity of infection , time of infection and the nutrient post infection on production were studied.

二 研究感染指数MOI、感染时间和感染后培养液营养对昆虫细胞培养产物表达的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。