感应电压

PART 1 UNIT 1 B Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 Three-phase Circuits A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 UNIT 2 B Transistors A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 UNIT 3 B Binary Number System A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 UNIT 4 B Power Electronic Converters A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 UNIT 5 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers A AC Machines ———————————————19 UNIT 6 B Induction Motor Drive A Electric Power System ————————————22 UNIT 7 B PART 2 UNIT 1 B Power System Automation Control Theory A The World of Control ————————————27 —————29 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 B A Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 Steady State————————————————— 31 A The Root Locus ————————————— 32 ————— 33 UNIT 3 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B State Equations 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function 42 B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43 44 PART 3 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 1 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design Process Control A A Process Control System B 50 PART 4 UNIT 1 Fundamentals of Process Control 52 53 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture PART 5 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings PART 6 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles UNIT 1 A

电路 2 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A Electrical Networks B Three-phase Circuits UNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 B Transistors UNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 ———————————— 3 B Binary Number System UNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 B Power Electronic Converters UNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers UNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19 B Induction Motor Drive UNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22 B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27 B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 A B —————29 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 ————————————— 32 Steady State————————————————— 31 UNIT 3 A The Root Locus B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B UNIT 6 State Equations 40 38 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network PART 3 UNIT 1 Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function B 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 49 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design PART 4 UNIT 1 Process Control A A Process Control System 50 B Fundamentals of Process Control 53 52 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels PART 5 UNIT 1 Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond PART 6 UNIT 1 Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A UNIT 5 A UNIT 6 A UNIT 7 A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 B Three-phase Circuits The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 Types of DC Motors —————————————15 AC Machines ———————————————19 Electric Power System ————————————22 B Transistors B Binary Number System B Power Electronic Converters B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers B Induction Motor Drive B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A B UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A The World of Control ————————————27 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 The Root Locus ————————————— 32 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 B Steady State————————————————— 31 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B B B PART 3 B B B State Equations Optimum Control Systems Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks The Applications of Computers 46 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control UNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices UNIT 3 A PLC Overview PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B B PART 4 B B B B PART 5 B B B B PART 6 Understanding DSP and Its Uses Embedded Systems Design Process Control 50 52 53 Fundamentals of Process Control UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems UNIT 1 A A Process Control System UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters Final Control Elements and Controllers PID Controllers and Other Controllers Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information Evolution of Control System Architecture Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments UNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application Areas UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing UNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B B B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition Electric Vehicles UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

The instantaneous power theory was employed to analyze the instantaneous power of the control winding and the control scheme for the DWIG system with diode bridge load was obtained. The component of the currents on the control-winding flux determines the instantaneous reactive power, and the component on the perpendicular direction of the flux decides the reactive power. The former one influences the DC voltage of the diode bridge on power winding and the latter one influences the DC voltage of the static excitation controller of control windings.

基于瞬时功率理论，推导出按控制绕组磁场定向时控制绕组的瞬时功率，在此基础上分析了带整流桥负载的定子双绕组感应电机发电系统在宽转速运行时的电压调节机理，即：控制绕组电流在控制绕组磁场及其法线上的分量，分别决定着发电系统功率绕组整流桥直流侧电压和控制绕组静止励磁控制器(static excitation controller，SEC)直流侧电压，据此提出宽转速运行时DWIG发电系统电压控制策略。

This invention concerns a current control process for a feed-in voltage converter, wherein a detected flux-inducing current component and a detected torque-inducing currrent component of an actual currrent vector of a rotating field machine are each controlled for a flux-inducing current component set value and a torque-inducing current component set value of the rotating field machine. To that effect, a control set-value (DELTA u*sp, DELTA u*sq) is determined, dependent each time upon a determined current component control deviation. From these, current components of an actual current vector are formed each time by overlay of a formed pilot value (u*spvor, u*sqvor). This invention also concerns a device for carrying out this process.

本发明涉及一种用于馈入电压式变流器的电流调节方法，其中分别将所检测的一感应式电机的一实际电流向量（i s 的磁通感应电流分量和一转矩感应电流分量i sq ）调节至该感应式电机的一额定电流向量的一磁通感应分量额定值和一转矩感应电流分量额定值，在这种情况下，分别根据所检测的一电流分量调节偏差计算出一调节器调节量（△u * sp ，△u * sq ），由这两个调节器调节量分别通过叠加所形成的一预控制量（u * spvor ，u * sqvor ）形成一额定电压向量的电压分量（u * sp ，u * sq ），本发明还涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。

When the armature is in the middle, the two secondary coil electromotive force generated by the same sensor, so that output voltage of 0; when the armature movement in the internal coil and off-center position, the two-coil inductive electromotive force generated ranges, and voltage output, voltage depends on its size of displacement.

当衔铁处于中间位置时，两个次级线圈产生的感应电动势相等，这样输出电压为0；当衔铁在线圈内部移动并偏离中心位置时，两个线圈产生的感应电动势不等，有电压输出，其电压大小取决于位移量的大小。

The furnace body is made ф2200×1500 the outer covering main body by the 12mm steel plate, lower part the furnace body 45° the installment has the sensor, the sensor orientation silicon steel plate is made the weight 2 ton induction iron cores by Wuhan Steel Corporation Silicon steel plate Factory production top gear's W-151 the cold rolling 0.35m/m, primary is made the water cooling coil by 10×10×2 the copper pipe, and installs the stainless steel water cooling restricting, the power frequency has the core smelting furnace's metal melt fluid namely for the sensor sencondary coil, the entire electric stove is a transformer actually, the necessary 6 grades from the pair regulating transformer, shift gears by the electricity cabinet control, the voltage may from low to high, divide 6 promotions to arrive at 380V, each grade of voltages are different, the output is also different, the furnace temperature along with the files position is also different, but the height is different, adapts smelts colored or the black and so on melting point different metals, and may make the new furnace lining to smelt diamantine drying furnace fireproof.

炉体由12mm钢板制成Ф2200×1500外壳主体，炉体下部45°安装有感应器，感应器由武钢硅钢片厂生产的最高档的W-151冷轧0.35m/m取向硅钢片制成重2吨感应铁心，初级由10×10×2铜管制成水冷线圈，并安装不锈钢水冷保护套，工频有芯熔炼炉的金属熔液即为感应器的次级线圈，整个电炉实际就是一个变压器，配套一台6档的自耦调压变压器，由电柜控制换档，电压可由低到高，分6级升到380V，每档电压不同，输出功率也不同，炉温也随档位不同而高低不同，以适应熔炼有色或黑色等熔点不同的金属，并可作新炉衬耐火冶金砂烘炉之用。

The furnace body is made ф2200×1500 theouter covering main body by the 12mm steel plate, lower part the furnace body 45° the installment has the sensor, the sensor orientation silicon steel plate is made the weight 2 ton induction iron cores by Wuhan Steel Corporation Silicon steel plate Factory production top gear's W-151 the cold rolling0.35m/m, primary is made the water cooling coil by 10×10×2 the copper pipe, and installs the stainless steel water cooling restricting, the power frequency has the core smelting furnace's metal melt fluid namely for the sensor sencondary coil, the entire electric stove is a transformer actually, thenecessary 6 grades from the pair regulating transformer, shift gears by the electricity cabinet control, the voltage may from low to high, divide 6 promotions to arrive at 380V, each grade of voltages are different, the output is also different, the furnace temperature along with the files position isalso different, but the height is different, adapts smelts colored or the black and so on melting point different metals, and may make the new furnace lining to smelt diamantine drying furnace fireproof.

炉体由12mm钢板制成Ф2200×1500外壳主体，炉体下部45°安装有感应器，感应器由武钢硅钢片厂生产的最高档的W-151冷轧0.35m/m取向硅钢片制成重2吨感应铁心，初级由10×10×2铜管制成水冷线圈，并安装不锈钢水冷保护套，工频有芯熔炼炉的金属熔液即为感应器的次级线圈，整个电炉实际就是一个变压器，配套一台6档的自耦调压变压器，由电柜控制换档，电压可由低到高，分6级升到380V，每档电压不同，输出功率也不同，炉温也随档位不同而高低不同，以适应熔炼有色或黑色等熔点不同的金属，并可作新炉衬耐火冶金砂烘炉之用。

The furnace body's ф2200×1500 outer covering main body is made of 12mm steel plate,installed sensor in the lower part 45°of furnace body, the sensor is weight 2 ton induction iron cores made from top gear's W-151 the cold rolling 0.35m/m made by Wuhan Steel Silicon steel plate Factory, primary manufactured the water cooling coil from 10×10×2 copper pipe, and installed stainless steelwater cooling cover, the power Frequency Induction melting Furnace 's metal melting fluid namely the sensor sencondary loop, the entire electric furnace is a transformer actually, match a 6 grades self regulating transformer, shift gears by the electric tank control, the voltage may from low to high,divide 6 grade to rise to 380V, each grade of voltage is different, the output power is also different, the furnace temperature is also different along with different grade,so can suit smelting colored or black and so on different melting point metals, and may use as new furnace lining fireproof to smeltdiamantine drying furnace.

炉体由12mm钢板制成Ф2200×1500外壳主体，炉体下部45°安装有感应器，感应器由武钢硅钢片厂生产的最高档的W-151冷轧0.35m/m取向硅钢片制成重2吨感应铁心，初级由10×10×2铜管制成水冷线圈，并安装不锈钢水冷保护套，工频有芯熔炼炉的金属熔液即为感应器的次级线圈，整个电炉实际就是一个变压器，配套一台6档的自耦调压变压器，由电柜控制换档，电压可由低到高，分6级升到380V，每档电压不同，输出功率也不同，炉温也随档位不同而高低不同，以适应熔炼有色或黑色等熔点不同的金属，并可作新炉衬耐火冶金砂烘炉之用。

Fluxgate sensor inducts the environment magnetic field, outputs the compass course signal to the CPU system. This signal then is transformed into digital signal. CPU processes it and then gains compass course. When use rotary mathod to measure the deviations, CPU first collects timed the compass course come from the Fluxgate sensor, then calculates automatically their deviations and the correspondent coefficients. Based on all this, CPU can calculates out the real-time magnetic course or the real-time ture course, then sents them to display on the digital displayer.

本系统采用磁通门传感器来直接敏感合成磁场，输出罗航向直流感应电压信号送A/D转换器进行转换，并经CPU计算处理得到罗航向度数值，以及利用&旋回法&测定自差时，CPU按照船舶旋回的角速度定时地采集罗航向度数值，在此基础上CPU自动地计算出各采集罗航向上的白差，再由此计算出自差系数，并实时地解算出磁航向值或真航向值，送数码显示器显示。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。