意识形态的

The significance of such relevance lies in that the literature and art has gone through two stages of development, or two types. One type of art is influenced by both the classical realistic art of the Western Europe and the socialist realism of the former Soviet Union. Though the historical and realistic themes covered by such type of art are revolutionary and highly consistent with the ideology of the ruling Communist Party of China, the artistic language and style are stamped with the academism features, which was represented in the fine arts seventeen years before the Cultural Revolution.

这种相关的重要性在于：在毛泽东时代，文学艺术经历了两个发展阶段，或者说两种类型，一种是受西欧的古典写实艺术和前苏联的社会主义现实主义影响的艺术，尽管这种艺术表达的历史和现实的题材是革命的，与执政后的中国共产党的意识形态高度一致，但在艺术语言和风格上，却具有较强的学院特征。

Its on the oriental stage that a series of oncoming and dormant Oedipus tragedies-incest tragedies, with which the westerners are so familiar regardless of performance on the somewhere strange stage, are highlights, so that the western spectators not only can enjoy the different exotic cultural charms, but from the commanding perspective fell the superiority of their own culture in this fabricated cultural context featured with backward, isolation and far from the reality. In addition, Zhang prefers to the method of time lagging in the film text formation, so that the textual times usually drag back to the past on purpose such as 1930s, 1940s, per-anti-Japanese war period as well as 1960s and 1970s; apart from this, the far-off areas far from the cultural center are chosen as the film space, all which get together to set up a static, stagnate and hiding Chinese traditional cultural context symbolized by backward, barbarousness and ignorantness to satisfy the male desire.

为了营造这个虚拟舞台，张艺谋影片中的采用了时间的滞后性策略，影片中的故事本文时间均选择了过去：十九世纪三十、四十年代，抗战前期，六七十年代；影片中的本文空间均选择了远离文化中心的边缘地带，通过时间的滞后策略和空间的边缘策略来满足一个停滞的、凝固的、静止的落后而由愚昧野蛮的中国传统文化语境；将处于社会边缘的女性放置在其中，利用观众位置的双重性认同结构，巧妙利用女性这一表层可见视觉中心和读解影片时意义渐隐的策略来遮掩和移位其真正的作者意识形态：即重复再一次对女性的观看，满足东西方男性的窥视欲望。

If this thesis is correct, then one can quite clearly see why the bourgeois class struggle dominates the proletarian class struggle from the outset and why the proletarian class struggle has needed so long to take shape and to find its own forms of existence, why the class struggle is fundamentally unequal, why it is not conducted using the same practices on the part of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and why the bourgeoise has engendered forms in the ideological state apparatuses, whose task it is to preempt the revolutionary action of the working class and to subordinate this class.

如果这个论题是正确的，那么人们可以非常清晰地看到为什么资产阶级的阶级斗争从一开始就支配着无产阶级的阶级斗争，无产阶级的阶级斗争为什么需要那么长的时间才能成形并找到自身的存在方式，为什么阶级斗争从根本上是不平衡的，为什么对于资产阶级和无产阶级来说，不能运用相同的实践去进行阶级斗争，为什么资产阶级（原文是bourgeoise，意为资产阶级妇女，疑为bourgeoisie之误）也在意识形态国家机器当中构造了诸种斗争形式，后者的任务就是预先取代工人阶级的革命行动并让这一阶级服从于它。

The conclusion is that the path of Nanjie's institutional change is the outcome of the coevolution, say, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market; the coevolution have three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology; the path and outcome of institutional change in the process of coevolution are shaped by both the dual process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy: on the one hand, as historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constraint the state and market's institutional choices; on the other hand, under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, therefore various institutional landscape, even "institutional paradox".

本文认为，高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化，即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果；国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度，而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程，以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响：一方面，现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择；另一方面，在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下，国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合，从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至"悖论"。

Firstly, based on the comparative study between the basic concept of nationalism and Chinese foreign concept, world concept, monarch concept, etc., in ancient China, this article holds that there isn't nationalism or traditional nationalism in China before modern times, namely, Chinese nationalism isn't original. Secondly, since the development of nationalism shows any nationalism have dual nature though the base is rational, it is hard to avoid the negative influence of nationalism though advocating of "rational nationalism". Finally, the author holds that the nationalism ideology and the idea of constructing harmony world are uncoordinated and incompatible.

首先，本文通过对民族主义基本理念和古代中国华夷观、天下观、君臣观等的比较分析，认为近代之前的中国不存在民族主义或传统民族主义，亦即中国的民族主义并非"本民族的"；其次，本文认为，民族主义的发展历史表明，虽然民族主义的基础是理性的，但任何民族主义都具有两面性，因此即使我们提倡"理性民族主义"，也很难避免民族主义的负面影响；最后，通过考察、分析民族主义的两面性，本文指出，民族主义的意识形态与建设和谐世界的理念是不协调和不能兼容的。

Making sure the cognition of our traditional political culture, the article probes into the four phases of its naissance and development: moral、Tao、amenity、logos; and discusses the soil of naissance: agriculture economy is long-standing、the society configuration patriarchal clan system 、Confucianism come into national ideology、the masterdom of Realpolitik; and describes its characteristic: the paternalistic political culture、the political culture worship power 、the political culture of lay store by civilian、the self-discipline political culture、the political culture of potential rules、the equalitarian political culture.

基于对我国传统政治文化以上的界定，探讨了我国传统政治文化的形成和发展过程的四个阶段：德、道、义、理；其赖以生存的土壤：小农自然经济的长期延续、宗法族制的社会结构、儒学的国家意识形态化、权力阶层的支配与匡约；以及其外在的表现特征：家长本位的政治文化、权力崇拜的政治文化、重民的政治文化、自律诉求的政治文化、"潜规则"的政治文化、均平取向的政治文化。

On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there -- on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam....

在地球上，有你所爱的每一个人、有你所知道的每一个人、有你所听说的每一个人，历史上每一个人都在此度过一生；我们所有的欢乐和痛苦、无数坚定的宗教信条、意识形态和经济理论；每一个猎手和强盗、每一个英雄和懦夫、每一个文明的创建者和毁灭者、每一个国王和农夫、每一个相爱的夫妇、每一对父母、每一个满怀希望的孩子、每一个发明者和探险者、每一个有道德的教师、每一个腐败的政客、每一个'超级明星'、每一个'最高领导人'、每一个圣人和罪人，从人类这个种族存在的第一天起——都生活在这颗悬浮在太阳光中的尘埃上。…。

The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there--on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

所有我们的欢乐和痛苦，所有言之凿凿的宗教、意识形态和经济思想，所有猎人和强盗，所有英雄和懦夫，所有文明的创造者和毁灭者，所有的皇帝和农夫，所有热恋中的青年情侣，所有的父母、满怀希望的孩子、发明者和探索者，所有精神导师，所有*的政治家，所有"超级明星"，所有"最高领导人"，所有圣徒和罪人，从人类这个种族存在的第一天起——都发生在这颗悬浮在太阳光中的尘埃上。

The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there--on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.1Fpu

所有我们的欢乐和痛苦，所有言之凿凿的宗教、意识形态和经济思想，所有猎人和强盗，所有英雄和懦夫，所有文明的创造者和毁灭者，所有的皇帝和农夫，所有热恋中的青年情侣，所有的父母、满怀希望的孩子、发明者和探索者，所有精神导师，所有腐败的政治家，所有"超级明星"，所有"最高领导人"，所有圣徒和罪人，从人类这个种族存在的第一天起——都发生在这颗悬浮在太阳光中的尘埃上。

The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

集合了一切的欢喜与苦难、上千种被确信的宗教、意识形态以及经济学说，所有猎人和抢劫者、英雄和懦夫、各种文化的创造者与毁灭者、皇帝与侍臣、相恋中的年轻爱侣、有前途的儿童、父母、发明家和探险家、教授道德的老师、贪污的政客、大明星、至高无上的领袖、人类历史上的圣人与罪人，通通都住在这里——―一粒悬浮在阳光下的微尘。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。