愈合良好的

All patients recovered well, the wound was primary healing, no serious complications and anaphylaxis was found.

术后各组中患者均恢复良好，伤口均一期愈合，未出现严重的并发症及过敏反应。

Results Nice configuration and good function were maintained in all cases. Conclusion The technique of eliminating vertical scar with inferior pedicle nipple-areolar flap in reduction mammaplasty is a reasonable method to obtain nice breast configuration and good function.

结果：21例患者术后双乳对称，下垂状况纠正，体积缩小，乳头乳晕感觉良好，术后瘢痕隐蔽。2例合并副乳，1例合并乳头内陷的患者同时手术切除矫正。2例乳晕表皮营养不良、部分坏死，经换药愈合。

Often occur in glands within the infarcted area of the Department of healing, squamous cell or transitional cell differentiation and no degenerative changes or split-phase.

常发生于腺体内梗死区的愈合部，鳞状上皮或移行上皮分化良好，无退行性变或分裂相。

objective the purpose of this study was to summarize our experience of the application of internal rigid fixation with miniplate to treatment of mandibular fractures.methods a retrospective analyisis of clinical data of 67 cases,who had experienced the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation by using miniplate.with the help of maxillomandibular distraction pre operation and post operation and temporary maxillomandibular fixation during operation,the fracture bones were smoothly reduced and fixed.results clinical and radiographic examination showed that all cases gained good clinical results and precise anatomic alignment of fracture postoperatively without infection,malocclusion,bone malunion or other complications.conclusion mocortical miniplate fixation of the mandible is a reliable and effective techinique providing rigid fixation and an ideal modality for the treatment of mandibular fractures.combined with maxillomandibular fixation.

对67例下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾总结，所有患者应用小型接骨板行坚固内固定治疗。其中7例颏部骨折，12例颏旁骨折，16例颏孔区骨折，9例体部多发性骨折，5例体部粉碎性骨折；18例合并其他部位骨折。所有患者术前经临床检查和影像学检查明确骨折的位置和骨折线的数目后，分段牙弓夹板结扎、颌间弹性牵引，使移位的骨折段逐渐复位；术中经口内切开复位、细钢丝颌间结扎、小型接骨板坚固内固定；术后行临床检查和影像学复查，必要时颌间弹性牵引7～10 d。结果所有患者手术切口ⅰ期愈合，治疗效果满意；临床检查所有患者牙合关系良好、面部对称；影像学复查证实骨折线对位良好。结论经口内切开小型接骨板坚固内固定辅以颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折效果可靠，术后并发症少，是一种理想的手术方法。

Four cases of infected open fracture of fibula and tibia with exposed and separated bone segments were treated with external fixation and external application of Cajanus cajanL.

应用自制体外钢板固定和柳豆叶外敷的方法治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折感染、骨裸露不连接这一类复杂创面4例，获得感染创面和骨折良好愈合的效果。

Results: The survival rate of all skin grafts except for skin graft on diploic layer, which was about 90%, were 100%. Three skin flaps and 15 expansive skin flaps survived and the wounds healed on the first stage. Any complication was not found.

结果：所移植的皮片除板障层移植皮片成活率约为90%外，其余皮片均100%成活；3个皮瓣和15个扩张皮瓣均成活，伤口一期愈合，无任何并发症发生，随访显示毛发生长良好，外形满意。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

External fixation combined with limited internal fixation has some advantages of fewer complications and good func-tion recovery in the treatment of multisegmental fracture of humeral.

结果 本组经6～14个月，平均12个月的随访，骨折全部达骨性愈合，肩肘关节功能恢复良好。结论采用有限内固定结合外固定架治疗肱骨干多段骨折，能获得较好疗效。

The ariable-axis locking plates performed well, with a high rate of fracture union and no eidence ofarus collapse due to failure of the polyaxial screw fixation, in a series of complex fractures about the knee.

可调轴向锁定钢板固定效果良好，在治疗一系列膝关节复杂骨折中，骨折愈合率高，没有出现钢板失败所出现的内翻塌陷。

Results 2 cases were healed and 1 case suffered from infection in the neck interspace which was healed after draining, dressing change and antibiotics administration on day 11. Followed up from six months to three years, 3 cases felt well, had no somnolence in daytime, and the somnus monitoring on the 6th and 12th showed that the response rate was 100%.

结果 手术后2例患者顺利痊愈，1例手术后发生颈部间隙感染，经过引流换药，抗生素治疗，于术后第11天伤口愈合。3例患者经过1～3年的随访观察，患者自我感觉良好，白天无嗜睡现象，精力充沛；6个月、1年的睡眠监测显示，有效率达到100%。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。