惩罚的

Finally, based on the perspective of credit information flow in B2C e-commerce, this text design a the defensive mechanism of credit risk that centered on transmission mechanism of credit information, assisted by on-line credit service mechanism and guaranteed by credit supervision mechanism, and brings forward the assumption and measures about concordance of e-market's operations and institutions, pricing of on-line credit service, the supervision and amercement.

在此基础上，本文从信用信息在B2C电子商务交易中的流动过程角度考虑，设计出以信用信息传递机制为核心，在线信用服务机制为辅助，信用监管机制为保障的B2C电子商务信用风险防御机制，并提出电子市场业务与机构的整合、在线服务的定价、监管体系的力度、违信惩罚的传递等具体运行措施的建议和设想。

This is a Benthamite theory that I shall name the 'economy of threats' and is the contention that the required conditions of responsibility—e.g.

这是一种我将称之为"威吓的经济学"的边沁理论，其是这样一种论点，即责任的必需的条件——例如：行为人知道他正在做什么，未受到明显的强制或胁迫，不是精神病人或小孩——只不过是这样一些条件，如果刑法所宣告的惩罚的威吓要有任何效果，而且如果刑法制度要在确保以最小的痛苦的代价维护法律方面有效，它们便必须得到满足。

Yet quite apart from the uncertainty engendered by these fundamental doubts, which seem to call in question the accounts given of the efficacy, and the morality of punishment by all the old competing theories, the public utterances of those who conceive themselves to be expounding, as plain men for other plain men, orthodox or common-sense principles (untouched by modern psychological doubts) are uneasy.

以上这些重大怀疑，矛头似乎直指所有旧的、互相对立的理论就惩罚的功效与德性所做的说明。然而，撇开因这些怀疑而生的不确定性不谈，即便是自认为在阐释正统的或常识性的原理的那些人，其公开意见亦非始终如一。

There can be no doubt, I imagine, that modern ideas on the subject of crime are based upon two assumptions contended for by the Church in the Dark Ages-first, that each feudal ruler, in his degree, might be assimilated to the Roman Magistrates spoken of by Saint Paul; and next, that the offences which he was to chastise were those selected for prohibition in the Mosaic Commandments, or rather such of them as the Church did not reserve to her own cognisance.

我以为，毫无疑问，对于犯罪问题的各种现代观念，都根据"黑暗时代"教会所主张的两种假定——第一，每一个封建统治者在他的地位上得比拟于圣保罗所谈到的罗马高级官吏；其次，他所要惩罚的罪行是"摩西十诫"中规定要禁止的，或是教会并不保留在其自己审判权之内的。

It may in fact be the case that to make liability to punishment dependent on the absence of excusing conditions is the most efficient way of maintaining the laws with the least cost in pain.

事实上，可能属于这样的情况，也就是说，使受惩罚的义务取决于免责条件的缺乏，是以最小的痛苦的代价维护法律的最有效的方式。

Israel's faithlessness to Yhwh, which resisted all warnings, compelled Him to punish the people because of His own holiness; and these two prophets, recognizing that fact, were forced to the conclusion that Yhwh would not only punish Israel for the sake of His holiness, but would even allow Israel to perish in order to maintain the supremacy of His moral law.

以色列的faithlessness以Yhwh ，其中抵制所有的警告，迫使他要惩罚的人，因为他自己的神圣；和这两个先知，承认这一事实，是被迫的结论是， Yhwh不仅会伤害以色列为了陛下，但即使让以色列灭亡，以保持他的道德至高无上的法律。

He will perhaps say that what justifies punishment is that it satisfies a popular demand and explain that it is good that it satisfies this demand because if it did not there would be disorder in society, disrespect for the law, or even lynching.

他可能会说，证明惩罚的正当性的是，它满足了大众的要求(甚至可能是对报复的要求)，并解释说，满足这种要求是善的，因为如果不这样，就会造成社会秩序的混乱、对法律的不尊重乃至私刑。

And we must also remember that Hegel, who hated many things, hated nothing more bitterly than sentimental humanitarianism . and that he wasin consequence more inclined to emphasize his divergence from a reformatory theory of punishment, than his agreement with it .

而且，我们必须还牢记，嫉恨许多东西的黑格尔，对任何东西都莫过于对感情脆弱的人道主义的嫉恨，而且他最终他更多的是强调他与关于惩罚的改造理论的分歧，而不是与其的一致。

Therefore, this article main research mentality is, divides into the Shakespeare tragedy in multitudinous feminine image Mary with the Eve two kinds, demonstrated these two kind of females in male power society behavior and the unfortunate bitter experience, thoroughly analyzes them the reason which persecutes, thus discusses obtains, formulates in the male power society under feudal morals and standard, female no matter is wants to the male power society to meet as an equal, or obeys the morals under the shackles actually unfortunate to consider has violated this moral standard, similarly is all difficult to run away the destiny which is punished by the male power society, Thus manifests the male power consciousness to the feminine deterrent strength and the lethality.

因此，本文的主要研究思路就是将莎士比亚悲剧中的众多女性形象分为圣母型和夏娃型两种，展示这两种女性在男权社会中的行为和不幸遭遇，深入分析她们受迫害的原因，从而探讨得出，在男权社会制定的封建道德和规范之下，女性不论是欲与男权社会分庭抗礼，还是顺从于这种规范之下却不幸被认为违背了这一道德规范的，都同样难逃被男权社会惩罚的命运，从而体现出男权意识对女性的威慑力和杀伤力。

With regard to those venerable brethren, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, abbots and prelates - especially those bound under oath to visit the place of the apostles Peter and Paul at certain fixed times, and to attend in person general councils which have been summoned, including those under that obligation at the time of their promotion -- whose obstinacy as being non-attenders at various sessions became a matter of frequent accusation by the sponsor of the same council, there is to be found in solemn form both a petition for proceedings against them and a statement of the censures and penalties incurred.

关於这些可敬的兄弟，始祖，大主教，主教，方丈和教士-特别是那些约束宣誓访问地点的使徒彼得和保罗在某些固定时间，并出席在一般人的委员会已经传唤，其中包括这些根据这一义务的时候，他们的推广-其顽固作为非学员在各种会议上成为一个问题，经常指责的赞助商，同安理会，有可能是在庄严的形成既是一个诉讼请求他们在一份声明中谴责和惩罚的费用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。