情况

The establishment and relaxation processes of the transient gratings, which are formed by two recording 514nm beams with different polarization directions, SS, PP, SP and ±45℃, are investigated. Using the weak absorption of the chromophores at 632. 8nm and the positive dichroism of the chromophores molecules, a kind of bi-photonic transient gratings, owing to the periodic distribution of Trans and Cis isomers, is established first time in azo-dye doped polymeric bulk sample.

实验考察了两束514nm的写入光在不同偏振情况下（SS，PP，SP和±45），在样品中形成的瞬态栅的建立和弛豫情况；利用偶氮生色团在632.8nm波段的微弱吸收和生色团分子的正二向色性，首次在块状偶氮聚合物材料中形成一种基于生色团反式和顺式异构体密度分布的双色光瞬态栅；利用瞬态栅的快速建立和弛豫，考察了其在衍射型全光开关方面的潜在应用。

In the case of transient fault, the difference is minute because the fault model is consistent with the prototype, but for the permanent fault, the difference is notable, the fault model does not coincide with the prototype. Moreover, the developed algorithm is simple and only uses one-terminal data.

瞬时性故障情况下，故障模型与求解模型一致，电感求解值与实际值差异很小；永久性故障情况下，故障模型与求解模型不一致，电感求解值与实际值差异明显。

For the wavelength assignment in all-optical network, our research include:(1) For the wavelength assignment on ring optical networks with fixed wavelength converters, we use permutation group to study the ability of wavelength converters, and design an assignment algorithm, which can give a good assignment scheme in any general case.

其中，在全光网的波长分配方面，主要包括：（1）对于环形光网中固定波长转换器的情况，采用置换群来刻画转换器的能力，在此基础上提出了一个对于一般情况能够给出较好波长分配方案的算法。

In an ideal world,we would want to test every possible permutation of a program.

在理想情况下，我们测试程序的所有执行情况。

As a result the amplitude and phase difference of the boundary values are relevant totime in general case.

众所周知，对于暗孤子情况，透射系数极点的位置与非零边值(包括边值的模和在正负无穷远两端的相差)相关，存在微扰项时，极点的位置必然与时间相关，因此一般情况下边值的模和相差亦与时间相关。

The internal and external development of p -aromatic polyamide fiber , particularly poly ( p -phenylene tereph-thalamide) fiber, was introduced from the aspects of fiber varieties, output, properties and advanced composite materials reinforced with this fiber.

介绍了对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维特别是聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维的国内外发展情况，包括纤维品种、产量、性能和该类纤维作为先进复合材料骨架的发展情况。

Chant C, Wilson G, Friedrich JO Anemia, transfusion, and phlebotomy practices in critically ill patients with prolonged ICU length of stay: a cohort study.

本文是研究长期ICU住院患者（30天以上）的贫血情况，以及静脉采血情况。

Based on a great deal of tests, and through analysis of test result, experience on taming activated sludge was accumulated, operating parameters of integrated oxidation ditch which were best suitable for local condition were acquired. It was found that under the situation without solitude anaerobic zone, when the apparent anaerobic zone was absent, the strengthen biological phosphor removal phenomenon was really exist, and the phosphor removal efficiency was increasing with the increasing of BOD5/TP、 F/M.

在大量试验的基础上，通过对试验结果的分析，积累了培养活性污泥的经验，得出了最适合本地情况的一体化氧化沟的运行参数，发现了在没有单独设置厌氧区的情况下，在没有明显厌氧区段时，确实存在强化生物除磷现象，并且磷的去除率随BOD_5/TP、F/M的增大而增大。

Agents/circumstances to avoid: dehydration; sun exposure if photophobia is present.

应避免的药剂／情况：脱水、在由畏光情况下曝晒。

Firstly, electrization knowledge related to the research is introduced. After a deep study on various contact loss detection techniques, especially on the electric arcs detection techniques, we draw the conclusion that the untouched detection technique based on phototube sensor can acquire exact contact loss information, and will to be the leading technique for contact loss measurement in future. Secondly, combining with the special railways system in our country, we analyze the cause of the arcs, and the influence on the power supply system and the on board traction drive due to the arcs in detail, and study the arcs' spectrum characteristic. We also analyze detecting principles and put forward with a method - using phototube sensor to detect the contact loss arcs, conceive the configurations and detection flows of the measurement.

文章通过对电气化铁道相关知识的了解及对国内外离线检测技术的深入了解，尤其是对离线电弧检测技术的了解，总结出了基于光电传感器的非接触离线电弧检测系统能够得到准确的弓网离线情况，并且是国内外检测技术的发展方向；文章详细的分析了离线电弧产生的原因，电弧对机车牵引动力的影响情况，研究了我国铁路系统中离线电弧的光谱特征分布；分析了系统的检测原理，提出了采用光电传感器实现对离线电弧进行检测的方法，并设计了"电力机车弓网离线电弧检测装置"的检测功能和管理功能，规划了系统的组成结构及检测流程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。