悲痛的

Laodamia 拉俄达弥亚 when the greek ships reached the trojan land at the outbreak of the war,a prophet declared that the first greek setting foot on the enemy soil was doomed to die .protesilaus,a greek chief,seeing that there was a gooddeal of hesitation among his comrades,leapt overboard and fellinstantly,pierced through by hector''s spear .when his wife laodamia heard of this she was simply inconsolable .she offered rich sacrifice to the gods and begged zeus to restore herslaughtered lord to her.moved by her fidelity ,zeus sent hermes to escort the shade of protesilaus back to the upper air tostay with his wife for three hours.laodamia''s joy knew nobounds when she held her slain lord once more in her arms.protesilaus told her the story of his selfsacrifice , and laodamiawas happy to become a bride for a second time.however,shegave a sharp cry when she saw hermes coming at the fixed hourto take protesilaus back to the lower world.

当战争爆发时，段腊般抵达特洛伊地区。一位预言家宣称，第一个踏上敌人土地的段腊人注定会死。一位名叫普洛忒西拉斯的希腊酋长看着同伴踌躇不前，就从船上跳入水中，一瞬时他就倒下了，被海克特的长矛穿透了胸膛。他的妻子拉俄达弥亚听到这个消息，悲痛之心无法得以慰藉。她献给众神丰厚的祭品，哀求宙斯把被杀的丈夫还给她。她的忠贞感动了宙斯。宙斯派海默斯护送普洛忒西拉斯的幽魂回到阳间与他的妻子共度三个小时。她再次拥抱被杀的丈夫。她的喜悦无边无际。普洛忒西拉斯给她讲述了他自我献身的故事。拉俄达弥亚很高兴再做一次新娘。然而，当海默斯预定的时间到来时，普洛忒西拉斯将被带回阴间，她痛苦地叫了一声。

And if a poet writes of the sufferings of Niobe --the subject of the tragedy in which these iambic verses occur--or of the house of Pelops , or of the Trojan war or on any similar theme, either we must not permit him to say that these are the works of God, or if they are of God, he must devise some explanation of them such as we are seeking; he must say that God did what was just and right, and they were the better for being punished; but that those who are punished are miserable, and that God is the author of their misery-- the poet is not to be permitted to say; though he may say that the wicked are miserable because they require to be punished, and are benefited by receiving punishment from God; but that God being good is the author of evil to any one is to be strenuously denied, and not to be said or sung or heard in verse or prose by any one whether old or young in any well-ordered commonwealth.

如果诗人去描写尼俄柏丧尽儿女令石头也流泪的悲痛——这些悲剧主题在诸如此类的抑扬格诗歌中随处可见——或者去描写佩罗普斯王族的父子相残，或者去描写特洛伊战争之类的主题，那么我们不能允许诗人说这些残暴故事都是神造的孽，就算跟神有关，那也应该解释清楚来龙去脉；他应该说明神帮扶正义和真理，而那些罪人的下场都是罪有应得；而不是去描写受到惩罚的人是如何如何的悲惨，神则是炮制这些悲惨的罪魁祸首——我们是不会让诗人这么去胡编乱造的；然而诗人可以去描写邪恶之人其所以都会其悲惨的结局是因为他们必须遭受惩罚，并因他们接受神的惩罚而使大家受益匪浅；说神代表着善却又是恶的帮凶会遭到所有人的极力反对，诗文中就再也不要去传播、歌唱或者道听途说地去宣扬这些恶事了，秩序井然的联邦中人民不论老少都不应该听到这些恶事。

Like Mark Eitzel of American Music Club, to whose work the Painters were invariably compared and to whom their early success owed a tremendous debt, Kozelek laid his soul bare on record, conjuring harrowingly acute tales of pain, despair and loss; unlike Eitzel, Nick Drake and other poets of decay, Kozelek's autobiographical songs walked their tightrope without a net — forsaking the safety offered by metaphor and allegory, he faced his demons in the first person, creating a singularly haunting body of work unparalleled in its vulnerability and honesty.

Mark Kozelek经常会和American Music Club乐队的Mark Eitzel相提并论，而事实上Kozelek的确继承了Eitzel的音乐气质，他在音乐中讲述着悲痛敏感的故事，它总是让人感到痛苦、绝望和失落。Kozelek也有不同于Eitzel、Nick Drake这些颓废派摇滚诗人的地方，在他的作品中丝毫没有善意的寓言、模棱两可的美好，他习惯剖析自己的内心阴暗面，用独特的致命弱点和过份的诚实感让他的音乐回响在听者的灵魂深处。

Ludwig is a careful, sensitive and persevering artist, whose works mostly are installations. For example, put an transparent screen in a lakeside glasshouse, cast strong rays on it and then add some disorderly music, mix the flashing lights with man-made smog, occasionally dust pepper in the divided room — Now, the moving shadows of visitors, blurred images under lights … The atmosphere is like Purgatory, sad, joyful or museful.

路德维是一位非常细致、敏感而执著的艺术家，他的作品大多以装置的形式出现，比如：在湖边的空地上一个偌大的玻璃温室内，架设一块透明幕墙，再投上强烈的光线，然后再配上混杂的音乐，闪动的泡泡灯光混合着人为的烟雾，偶尔还会在分割的空间内撒上刺鼻的胡椒，置身于空间中，挪动的人影、靡然的灯光在模糊的视线中，犹如一个精神的炼场，或悲痛、或愉悦、或沉思。

Estatic fears - chapter i edit by hide The feeble leafs decline, Enshrined in downing deep The mourn abandoned plains, Laid down in sombre sleep Misty shades engulf the sky Like past, worn memories The bird's song fills the whispering breeze With autumns melody The lunar pale grim shape At evening's sight renews It's silented wail relieves Repressed thoughts anew I hear the lonesome choir Of fortunes past my way Disdained in fiery weeps Throughout my every day These skies I hail and treasure thee, Most pleasant misery Not pittes thorn I shelter thine Mysterious harmony Draw on most pleasant night Shade my lorn exposed sight For my grief's when shadows told Shall be eased in mist enfold Why should the foolish's hope Thy unborn passioned cry Exhaust unheard Beneath this pleasent sky?

estatic恐惧--章i编辑在附近躲藏处虚弱树叶拒绝在击落中深深珍藏哀悼被抛弃平原摆放下来在昏暗的睡眠中雾气迷蒙太阳镜吞噬像低语的微风有的秋天鸟的歌曲填补的过去，磨损记忆天空旋律视力重新开始的它的silented 哭号再减轻压抑想法的月亮淡严峻形状阿特晚上，我听说超过我的方式was寂寞唱诗班的财富火热藐视在朝派的完全哭泣我的每天这些天空我最欢呼和珍视你们愉快痛苦不pittes 刺我掩蔽你的神秘和谐当说阴影将去被在薄雾中缓和的时候，在最愉快晚上荫凉处上为我的悲痛吸引我的被弃的暴露的视力包裹为什么将去愚蠢's希望你的未出生的passioned 喊叫排出在这pleasent天空下没有被听到的吗？

Day, he one when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens,the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden,merope by name,butrash and impatient,he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love, however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation,with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着&独眼巨人&大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

Orion orion was a giant hunter.he was the beautiful son of poseidon.one day ,when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens, the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden ,merope by name,butrash and impatient, he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus ,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun ,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love,however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion ,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation, with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

奥利安奥利安是位身材高大的猎手。他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着&独眼巨人&大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

Orion was a giant hunter.he was the beautiful son of poseidon.one day,when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens,the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden,merope by name,butrash and impatient,he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love,however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation,with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

奥利安是位身材高大的猎手。他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着&独眼巨人&大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

Io io was the daughter of a rivergod.she was loved,run after and won by zeus.hera became so greeneyed that she flew down from olympus one day to pay her rival back .zeus,however,had foreseen her arrival and changed io into abeautiful white little cow.seeing through the trick,hera asked for the cow as a present and zeus had to give in to her wish .then she left the cow to the care of a hundredeyed monster,argus.argus'' eyes were ever open and no escape was possible.unable to bear to see her so unhappy,zeus sent hermes down todestroy the monster.dressed up as a shepherd,hermes lulled argus to sleep with his sweet songs and long stories,then killed him and set io free.but hera''s anger was not to be calmed downyet.she sent a gadfly to attack the cow and drive her from land to land.in her misery the cow passed over the strait which divides europe and asia.in this way the strip of water got itsname bosporus ,the way of the cow.she wandered over thesea,which by chance got from her its name the ionian sea .in the end she arrived in egypt where she was turned back into hernatural form .she settled down and gave birth to a son,some of her children remained in egypt and ruled as kings for a longtime.

伊俄伊俄是河神的女儿，宙斯爱她、追求她、并得到了她。赫拉对此嫉妒不已。一天她飞下奥林波斯山向情敌施加报复。然而宙斯早已预见到她的光临，就将伊俄变成了一头美丽的小白牛犊，赫拉看穿了其中的诡计，非要一头牛犊作为礼物。宙斯无奈，只得让她如愿以偿。赫拉便将牛犊托付给百眼魔鬼阿刚斯看管。阿刚斯的眼睛永远睁着，要想逃脱是不可能的。看到伊俄如此忧郁，宙斯简直无法忍受，便令赫耳墨斯将魔鬼铲除。赫耳墨斯乔装成牧羊人给阿刚斯唱悦耳动听的歌，讲冗长乏味的故事以哄他入睡。之后便寻机杀死魔鬼，释放了伊俄。但赫拉的狂怒并未消除。她派了一只牛虻去攻击牛犊，使她颠沛流离。在十分悲痛之中，牛犊穿越了分隔欧亚大陆的海峡。从此这片狭长的水域被称作博斯普鲁斯海峡，意为牛犊之路。她接着漫游过海，这片大海也就在偶然中有了名称——伊奥尼亚海，最后她到了埃及，并恢复了她本来的体态和容貌。她在那里落户并生了个儿子。她的一些子孙就呆在了埃及，当了很长时间的国王。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。