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In the first place, this paper introduces basic knowledge of automobile Suspension, and detailedly explains the structure characteristics and application of Macpherson Vehicle Independent Suspension.

本论文首先介绍了汽车悬架的基本知识，在此基础上详细地阐述了麦克弗逊式前悬架自身的构造特点及应用情况。

Taking the damping and rigidity of automobile seat and suspension system as design variables, the root mean square value of acceleration seat and relative dynamic loading of tire as objective function, two optimization design models of passive suspension parameters were established according to riding comfortableness and pavement breakage.

以汽车座椅和悬架系统的阻尼与刚度作为设计变量，综合考虑车辆的乘坐舒适性和对路面的损坏性，以座椅加速度均方根值和轮胎相对动载荷均方根值作为目标函数，建立被动悬架参数的两目标优化设计模型。

Our country has the air Dangerous shelf project the company for the number multitudinously, but truly has the air Dangerous shelf system design development, manufacturing capacity very few, the scale extremely is also limited.

我国拥有空气悬架项目的公司为数众多，但真正拥有空气悬架系统设计开发、制造能力的寥寥无几，规模也十分有限。

Based on the parabola and catenary theories, calculation formulas on the cable length are summarized, and the precision is discussed.

以抛物线和悬链线理论为基础，总结推导了悬索索长的实用计算公式，对各公式的计算精度进行了分析。

Acquisition of high-quality chromosome suspension: The chromosome suspension released from homogenization suited for flow karyotypic analysis and sorting after fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes and purified through 10% and 30% sucrose concentration gradient.

高质量染色体悬液制备结果：同步化的根尖细胞经2%多聚甲醛固定20 min，机械匀浆释放染色体并结合10%及30%蔗糖浓度梯度纯化释放的染色体悬液。

The evolutionary relationships were investgated by comparing the results from molecular data alone or molecular data combined morphological characters using different analysis methods: maximum parsimony by PAUP(superscript *) 4.0 and Bayesian inference by MrBayes 3.0B4. Base composition and ti/tv of 28S rDNA D2 regions were analyzed by PAUP(superscript *) 4.0. The results showed that GC content of the 28S rDNA D2 gene sequences of subfamily Euphorinae ranges from 40.00% to 49.25%. Transversion frequency of sequence variable sites among species of Euphorinae was higher than that of transition. The subfamily Euphorinae was proved to be a paraphyletic group with close relationship to subfamilies Neoneurinae and Cenocoelinae; only two tribes, Meterorini and Microctonini, were proved to be monophyletic groups; Centistini, Cosmophorini, Euphorini and Dinocampini were paraphyletic groups; the basal position of tribe Meterorini within Euphorinae was partially supported by our phylogenetic trees, and tribe Microctonini was proved to be a group at the top of the trees.

结果表明：优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列片段的GC%含量在40.00%~49.25%之间变动，而对于碱基替代情况来讲，优茧蜂亚科各个成员间序列变异位点上颠换大于转换；不同的分析和算法所产生的系统发育树都表明目前根据形态定义出的优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae不是一个单系群，而是一个与蚁茧蜂亚科Neoneurinae和高腹茧蜂亚科Cenocoelinae混杂在一起的并系群；在优茧蜂亚科内部，悬茧蜂族Meterorini和食甲茧蜂族Microctonini（排除猎户茧蜂属Orionis）为单系群，而宽鞘茧蜂族Centistini、大颚茧蜂族Cosmophorini、优茧蜂族Euphorini、瓢虫茧蜂族Dinocampini为并系群；悬茧蜂族Meterorini在优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae内位于基部位置的观点得到部分的支持，同时食甲茧蜂族Microctonini被判定为相对进化的类群。

The results showed:among the 7 isolates, five isolates of HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3 had same colony shape, irregular shape, liquidlike, slimy, opacity with smooth surface;the other two isolates had same shape, irregular shape, dry, opacity with coarse surface. By inoculating eucalyptus with the 7 isolates, the plants were infected apparently, and the young plants of eucalyptus in control experiment with tap water were not infected. By cultivating eucalyptus cuttings with the bacterial suspensions without EPS, the incidence of disease was very distinct,but compared with the former bacteria suspension,the incidence of disease has decreased at different degrees. By screening out two isolates of strong pathogenicity and two isolates of weak pathogenicity from the 7 isolates,making the bacterial suspensions with them to inoculate the young plants of eucalyptus, two treatments of cutlings and ramets with rats were set with 5 repetitions in every treatment, the results of data analysis showed: for the cutlings, the bacterial contents in upper and middle parts、upper and lower had significant difference;for ramets with roots, the bacterial contents in upper, middle parts, lower had significant difference between each other; For both the cutlings and ramets with roof, the bacterial contents in xylem and phloem had significant difference. The interaction between vertical and horizontal parts for the bacterial content had significant difference. For the two isolates of HY3 and 93B which were screened out at last,their activities of the cellulase were: 1.955ug/ and 1.288ug/ respectively, and had significant difference; the activities of pectase were: 1.325 ug/and 1.24ug/ respectively, and had no significant difference. The content of EPS extracted from the two isolates of HY3 and 93B was very different: 7.08x10-8ug/cell and 5.17x10-8ug/cell.

结果显示：7个菌株中，其中5个菌株HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3的菌落形态相同：不规则形状、流体、粘性、不透明、表面光滑；另外2个菌株93B、GN1菌落形态相同：不规则形状、干燥、不透明、表面粗糙；用7个菌株接种剪根桉树苗，发病情况非常明显，而自来水对照实验中桉树苗却不发病；无EPS菌悬液培养桉树剪根苗，发病率也很明显，但是相比原菌液，则发病率有不同程度的下降；从7个菌株中间筛选出来2个强致病性菌株和2个弱致病性菌株，用它们配制菌悬液培养桉树苗，设置剪根和不剪根两个处理，每个处理设置五个重复，数据分析结果显示：对于剪根苗，上部和中部、上部和下部的含菌量有显著的差异，中部和下部含菌量差异不显著；带根苗，上部、中部、下部含菌量彼此之间差异显著；不管是剪根苗还是带根苗，木质部和韧皮部含菌量之间的差异都非常显著；上中下与木韧交互作用中，含菌量差异非常显著；最后筛选出来的强弱2个菌株HY3和93B，它们的纤维素酶活性分别为：1.955ug/和1.288ug/，具有显著的差别；果胶酶的活性分别为：1.325 ug/和1.24ug/，没有显著的差别，而且HY3和93B两个菌株细胞分泌的胞外多糖的含量差异很显著，分别为：7.08×10-8ug/cell和5.17×10-8ug/cell。

Due to the existence of redundantly actuated system of active suspension rovers,the control system is more complex.

主动悬架星球车比被动悬架星球车有更好的环境适应性和运动能力。

Monte Carlo and self-adaptive multi-objective genetic algorithm were applied to solve the multi-objective robust optimization of suspension parameters, taking the statistic mean and standard deviation of root-mean-square value of the vertical acceleration of vehicle body and the dynamic load of front and rear tires as objective functions.

以某载货汽车的四自由度悬架模型为研究对象，同时考虑制造精度的影响，以车身垂直加速度、前后轮胎动载荷的均方根值的统计均值和方差为目标函数，采用蒙特卡罗抽样法和自适应多目标遗传算法对悬架参数进行稳健优化。

In order to study the mechanical behavior of special joint at connection between stiff suspension cable and upper chord of truss beam for stiff suspension reinforced steel truss bridge, a 1:2 scale-down model test and three-dimensional finite element analysis of Dongjiang Bridge's special joint S25 were investigated in order to find the stresses distribution rule and mechanical property of the special joint.

为研究刚性悬索加劲钢桁梁桥刚性悬索与桁梁上弦杆的连接处特殊节点的力学行为，结合东莞市东江大桥，采用1：2的几何缩尺比例，对其特殊节点S25进行了模型试验研究，并进行了详细的空间有限元分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。