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"It provides a framework for the management of an unfamiliar group of patients who respond slightly differently compared to your normal ICU patients," Dr. Pilcher told Medscape. Use of the guidelines, for example, can help avoid the inappropriate use of fluids, which can make the lungs worse, and also gets the patient to a point where they can be extubated more quickly. Nurses and junior physicians can use the checklist to see that they are doing something right,...

Pilcher医师向Medscape表示，这项研究提供了一群我们不熟悉且反应与你们一般ICU病患不太一样病患处理的架构，举例来说，透过这个指引，可以避免不适当地使用输液，这可能使肺部功能更糟，另一方面可以使病患早点拔管脱离呼吸器；护理人员与年轻医师可以使用这个清单来看他们做的是否正确？

To try to limit such complications, David Pilcher, MD, a senior intensive care unit physician at Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues developed a treatment guideline to direct care in the first 72 hours after transplant. On a simple 2-sided sheet of paper, designed to be hung at the bedside and practical enough to be useful to nurses and junior physicians, the algorithm includes direction on hemodynamic care on 1 side and respiratory care on the other.

May 3， 2007－过去的回溯性研究已经证实，接受移植病患其中央静脉压力高或是PaO2/FiO2（动脉氧气分压/吸气氧气浓度）低，在手术后，相较于没有些症状的病患，仍然需要呼吸器辅助、或是早期死亡风险较高根据项发表于国际心脏与肺脏移植学会第27届年会与科学座谈的研究，现在，研究者已经发现在手术后加护时使用一标准治疗流程，可以缩短病患仍然需要呼吸器的时间、且降低发生重移植器官功能不全的机率。

Previously, Dr. Mahon and colleagues conducted a pilot study and explored the feasibility of discontinuing imatinib in CML patients who had experienced a complete molecular response. Of the 15 patients included in the cohort, 7 relapsed within 6 months, but they were able to reattain a complete molecular response after imatinib was restarted. The other 8 patients remain in remission after the discontinuation of imatinib (median follow-up is 37 months).

之前，Mahon医师等人主导一个先驱研究，探索完整分子生物学上缓解之CML病患停用imatinib的可能性，在总共15名病患中，7人在6个月内復发，但他们可以在再度使用imatinib之后再度达到完整分子生物学上缓解，其他8个病患在停用imatinib之后持续缓解(平均追踪期为37个月)。

Previously, Dr. Mahon and colleagues conducted a pilot study and explored the feasibility of discontinuing imatinib in CML patients who had experienced a complete molecular response. Of the 15 patients included in the cohort, 7 relapsed within 6 months, but they were able to reattain a complete molecular response after imatinib was restarted. The other 8 patients remain in remission after the discontinuation of imatinib (median follow-up is 37 months).

之前，Mahon医师等人主导一个先驱研究，探索完整分子生物学上缓解之CML病患停用imatinib的可能性，在总共15名病患中，7人在6个月内复发，但他们可以在再度使用imatinib之后再度达到完整分子生物学上缓解，其他8个病患在停用imatinib之后持续缓解(平均追踪期为37个月)。

Previously, Dr. Mahon and colleagues conducted a pilot study and explored the feasibility of discontinuing imatinib in CML patients who had experienced a complete molecular response. Of the 15 patients included in the cohort, 7 relapsed within 6 months, but they were able to reattain a complete molecular response after imatinib was restarted. The other 8 patients remain in remission after the discontinuation of imatinib (median follow-up is 37 months).

之前，Mahon医师等人主导一个先驱研究，探索完整分子生物学上缓解之CML病患停用imatinib的可能性，在总共15名病患中，7人在6个月内复发，但他们可以在再度使用imatinib之后再度达到完整分子生物学上缓解，其它8个病患在停用imatinib之后持续缓解(平均追踪期为37个月)。

The elevated risk for Medicaid and uninsured patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease was seen for cancers in all anatomic areas of the colon, the rectosigmoid junction, and rectum. However, the researchers found that Medicare patients were just as likely to be diagnosed at an early stage as individuals with private insurance.

接受医疗补助与没有保险病患，在疾病后期被诊断出来的风险上升发生于大肠、乙状直肠以及直肠所有解剖位置；然而，研究者发现接受医疗照护的病患与有私人保险的病患，一样比较容易在早期就被诊断出来。

The elevated risk for Medicaid and uninsured patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease was seen for cancers in all anatomic areas of the colon, the rectosigmoid junction, and rectum. However, the researchers found that Medicare patients were just as likely to be diagnosed at an early stage as individuals with private insurance.

接受医疗补助与没有保险病患，在疾病后期被诊断出来的风险上升发生於大肠、乙状直肠以及直肠所有解剖位置；然而，研究者发现接受医疗照护的病患与有私人保险的病患，一样比较容易在早期就被诊断出来。

Dr. Sharma and colleagues used the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition to reinterview 61 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression who had failed to respond to at least two adequate courses of antidepressants. By examining their symptoms over time as well as their family history, the researchers discovered that 35% of these patients had a form of bipolar disorder. Even more remarkably, after following them for a year, fully 80% of patients were deemed to have bipolar disorder.

Sharma博士与其同事使用精神异常诊断与统计手册第四版的结构式临床面谈，针对61位被诊断为单极性异常，而且至少对两种以上抗忧郁药物，在使用足够疗程下，没有反应的病患进行再次面谈；透过检查他们随著时间表现出来的症状以及家族史，研究者发现，这些病患中的35%具有双极性异常的形式；更值得注意的，在追踪一年后，将近80%的病患被视为患有双极性异常。

They have some other patients who have electrodes implanted in the same location and may approach them about participating in a further study of this effect, he said. The institutional review board approval for the first patient was to look at side effects and complications of auditory cortex stimulation, so this study was technically covered by that approval, Dr. De Ridder noted. To study this effect in other patients will require a new application.

他表示，仍有许多植入电极于同样位置的病患，可能可以邀请他们加入往后的研究；De Ridder医师表示，机构的伦理委员会核准第一位病患的原因在于要检验植入电极的副作用、以及听觉皮质刺激的并发症，因此这项研究是技术上由该核准案涵盖的；若要在其它病患身上研究此种效应，则需要新的核准案。

They have some other patients who have electrodes implanted in the same location and may approach them about participating in a further study of this effect, he said. The institutional review board approval for the first patient was to look at side effects and complications of auditory cortex stimulation, so this study was technically covered by that approval, Dr. De Ridder noted. To study this effect in other patients will require a new application.

他表示，仍有许多植入电极於同样位置的病患，可能可以邀请他们加入往后的研究；De Ridder医师表示，机构的伦理委员会核准第一位病患的原因在於要检验植入电极的副作用、以及听觉皮质刺激的并发症，因此这项研究是技术上由该核准案涵盖的；若要在其他病患身上研究此种效应，则需要新的核准案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。