患...病

Appropriate settings for the application include the treatment of ketoacidosis, perioperative glucose management, hyperosmolar nonketotic state, gastroparesis with intractable nausea and vomiting, labor and delivery,"learning" a patient's insulin sensitivity, critically ill patients in intensive care units, myocardial infarction, and hyperalimentation.

此应用程式之设定包括治疗酮酸血症、手术前后血糖控制、高渗透压非酮体性状态、胃轻瘫并棘手的恶心呕吐、阵痛与分娩、模拟病患的胰岛素敏感度、加护病房之重症病患、心肌梗塞和高滋养疗法；此软体不可用於对胰岛素过敏之病患或小於18岁者。

Seven patients aged 4 to 19 years, with myelomeningocele and high-pressure or poorly compliant bladders, were identified as candidates for cystoplasty. Each patient underwent bladder biopsy, and urothelial and muscle cells were grown in culture and seeded on a biodegradable bladder-shaped scaffold made of collagen, or on a composite of collagen and polyglycolic acid. About 7 weeks later, the autologous engineered bladder constructs were used for reconstruction, and implanted either with or without an omental wrap. After implantation, patients underwent serial urodynamics, cystograms, ultrasounds, bladder biopsies, and serum analyses.

年纪从4到19岁的7位脊髓脊膜膨出、罹有高压或者功能不良膀胱、被鉴定需进行膀胱成形术的病患，每一位病患接受膀胱切片，将上皮与肌肉细胞在膀胱形状的生物可分解的胶原支架或胶原聚羟基乙酸支架上加以培养；大约7周过后，形成一可自体移植的工程膀胱，移植时包覆或者未包覆网膜；移植后，病患进行一系列的尿路动力学、膀胱造影术、超音波、膀胱切片和血清分析。

"It is far more sensitive than radiography for bone erosion in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, and can detect pre-erosive features, such as osteitis and synovitis, along with tendonitis and potentially other MRI features that can be used to predict which patients will go on to severe destructive joint damage and irreversible functional disability," Dr.

Peterfy医师进一步指出，对於早期类风湿性关节炎病患而言，MRI在骨质糜烂的诊断上，远比X光摄影灵敏许多，且可侦测到糜烂前的特徵；像是骨炎与滑膜炎、连同肌腱炎与可用於预测严重破坏性关节损害及无法恢复的功能障碍，能一开始就向病患展现准确的预测，进行一个有效率的病患管理是非常重要的。

The study's primary end point was the incidence of hip fracture. At the end of the trial, hip fractures had occurred in 9 patients in the placebo group vs 3 in the risedronate group.The authors report that there was no difference in the fall rate between the 2 groups, suggesting "risedronate may prevent hip fractures despite frequent falls."

该试验的主要终点为髋骨骨折发生率，在试验结束时，安慰剂组有9位病患发生髋骨骨折，而服用risedronate病患则有3位发生；作者表示，这两组病患之间发生跌倒的风险并无统计上显著差异，暗示risedronate可能预防髋骨骨折，但对於跌倒风险没有影响。

Imatinib, a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is able to induce a complete cytogenetic response in more than 85% of patients with CML. However, the researchers note that patients with a complete cytogenic response tend to relapse when imatinib is discontinued, and less than 10% of patients achieve a molecular remission, defined by an undetectable residual disease using real-time quantitative–polymerase chain reaction.

Imatinib是一种BCR-ABL酪胺酸激酶抑制物，可以在85%以上的CML病患诱导完整的细胞生成反应；不过，研究者指出，完整细胞生成反应的病患倾向在停用imatinib时复发，不到10%的病患达到分子生物学上的缓解，其定义为以即时定量聚合酶连锁反应侦测不出残余疾病。

Imatinib, a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is able to induce a complete cytogenetic response in more than 85% of patients with CML. However, the researchers note that patients with a complete cytogenic response tend to relapse when imatinib is discontinued, and less than 10% of patients achieve a molecular remission, defined by an undetectable residual disease using real-time quantitative–polymerase chain reaction.

Imatinib是一种BCR-ABL酪胺酸激酶抑制物，可以在85%以上的CML病患诱导完整的细胞生成反应；不过，研究者指出，完整细胞生成反应的病患倾向在停用imatinib时復发，不到10%的病患达到分子生物学上的缓解，其定义为以即时定量聚合酶连锁反应侦测不出残餘疾病。

The support of TPN at least for 7 days in gastric cancer patients with significant weight loss and severe malnutrition going to receiving operation maintained the nutritional status and prevented continuous weight loss. The early enteral feeding through jejunostomy tended to increase serum hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron levels to prevent deterioration from anemia. Additionally, nutritional support gradually improved the immune function of gastric cancer patients by increasing total lymphocyte counts.

对於准备要接受胃癌手术体重明显减轻的严重营养不良病患，给予七天以上的全静脉营养支持，可维持病患之营养状况且避免体重持续减轻；术后透过空肠造口给予早期肠道营养支持，对於血清中的血色素与血比容和铁质有助上升趋势，避免贫血情况恶化；由总淋巴球数的增加发现营养支持可以渐渐恢复病患之免疫功能。

For Clark Haskins, MD, from New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, Ltd, New Mexico Cancer Center, the data do not support the researchers' positive conclusions."The results were crummy," he told Medscape when asked what he thought of the strategy of using metronomic chemotherapy in advanced disease."The problem is that there are a lot of patients who don't want to take chemotherapy, so this strategy is trying to reach these patients," he said."Unfortunately, the data don't support that the strategy works."

新墨西哥癌症中心新墨西哥肿瘤血液肿瘤谘询家Clark Haskins医师表示，这项试验数据并不支持研究者的正面结论；当他被问到有关使用节律性化学疗法在进展性癌症病患的意见时，他向Medscape表示，这项试验结果并不显著，问题在於许多病患不想接受化学疗法，所以这项使用低剂量、持续使用的策略希望可以用在这些病患身上；但不幸的，这项试验的数据并不支持这样的做法是有效的。

For Clark Haskins, MD, from New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, Ltd, New Mexico Cancer Center, the data do not support the researchers' positive conclusions."The results were crummy," he told Medscape when asked what he thought of the strategy of using metronomic chemotherapy in advanced disease."The problem is that there are a lot of patients who don't want to take chemotherapy, so this strategy is trying to reach these patients," he said."Unfortunately, the data don't support that the strategy works."

新墨西哥癌症中心新墨西哥肿瘤血液肿瘤咨询家Clark Haskins医师表示，这项试验数据并不支持研究者的正面结论；当他被问到有关使用节律性化学疗法在进展性癌症病患的意见时，他向Medscape表示，这项试验结果并不显著，问题在于许多病患不想接受化学疗法，所以这项使用低剂量、持续使用的策略希望可以用在这些病患身上；但不幸的，这项试验的数据并不支持这样的做法是有效的。

"It provides a framework for the management of an unfamiliar group of patients who respond slightly differently compared to your normal ICU patients," Dr. Pilcher told Medscape. Use of the guidelines, for example, can help avoid the inappropriate use of fluids, which can make the lungs worse, and also gets the patient to a point where they can be extubated more quickly. Nurses and junior physicians can use the checklist to see that they are doing something right,...

Pilcher医师向Medscape表示，这项研究提供了一群我们不熟悉且反应与你们一般ICU病患不太一样病患处理的架构，举例来说，透过这个指引，可以避免不适当地使用输液，这可能使肺部功能糟，另一方面可以使病患早点拔管脱离呼吸器；护理人员与年轻医师可以使用这个清单来看他们做的是否正确？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。