患...

After a two-week screening period, 18 patients participated in a four-week as-required regimen of 2 mg apomorphine SL, escalated to 3 mg when appropriate after two weeks. Three patients (16.7%) benefited from this treatment modality ( P .05). The nonresponding group of 15 patients continued with a daily regimen of 2 mg apomorphine SL for two weeks followed by 3 mg daily for two weeks. The 3 mg daily regimen was more effective for ED ( P .02) and for each sexual domain scored with the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. Adverse events, as reported by three patients (23%) during the 3 mg regimen, were nausea, dizziness, and headache.

在二星期的筛检过程之后，18位病患参与为期四个星期的2mg，在两星期后适当的增加至3mg的阿朴吗啡 SL疗法，其中三位病患(16.7%)受益于这种治疗方法(P 。05)，15位无反应的病患持续接受每日2 mg的阿朴吗啡 SL两周后，再接著以每日3 mg的两周治疗，对于ED及国际勃起功能指数调查表的每项性功能区计分，每日3 mg的疗法比较有效(P 。02)，在接受3 mg疗法期间三位病患( 23%)的不良事件，为恶心、眩晕、和头痛。

Further analysis illustrated that similarities and differences lie in the RE of CHD and CAS. Blood stasis and cbronic broncbitis are similar RF of both diseases; similar but different Rf covered liver deficiency, hypertension, diabetes, year of hyperlpemia, high blood sugar, tigh blood stasis, high cbolesterol. Among them, bigher positive rate of liver deficiency, hypertension and diabetes, longer year of hyperlipemia, higbef blood sugar, more serious blood stasis remain in CHD while higher cholesterot existing in CAS in this study. Moreover, qi deficiency, heart deficiency, Phlegm, senility index, putse pressure, LOP, TG, HDL/TC, Low putmonary 、function are different RF of both diseases.

进一步分析CHD和CAS易患因素异同的结果表明：CHD和CAS，相同易患因素有血瘀、慢支；同中有异的易患因素有肝虚、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症年限、高血糖、高胆固醇、血液粘滞性增高；其中CHD的肝虚、高血压和糖尿病发生率较高，高脂血症年限较长、血糖较高、血液粘滞性严重，CAS的总胆固醇在本次分析中较CHD高；不同易患因素有气虚、心虚、痰浊、衰老指数、脉压、LPO、TG、HDL/TC、肺功能低下。

The outcome measures included muscle spasticity of paretic upper limb by Modified Ashworth Scale, grasp strength of both hands by JAMAR dynamometer, functional performance of paretic upper limb by Action Research Arm Test, daily use and movement quality of paretic upper limb by Motor Activity Log-28, and motor function by Brunnstrom upper limb recovery stage.

疗效评估包含—使用修正式艾许瓦氏等级量表评估患侧上肢肌痉挛程度、使用JAMAR握力计评估双手握力、使用功能研究手臂测试评估患侧上肢功能性表现、使用动作活动日志（Motor Activity Log-28）评估受试者患侧上肢的日常使用量及动作品质、使用布郎斯壮上肢恢复分期（Brunnstrom Upper Limb Recovery Stage）评估患侧上肢的动作功能。

The Joint Commission and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend an annual flu shot for all patients 50 years or older and a pneumococcus vaccine for patients 65 years or older. But the guidelines call for both vaccinations across the board for all patients with generalized malignancy, given their decreased immunity to naturally occurring pathogens.

联合会与美国疾病管制与预防中心的指引建议，所有50岁以上的病患都应该接受每年一次的流行性感冒疫苗注射，而65岁以上病患每年须接受肺炎链球菌疫苗注射；至於全身性癌症病患，指引的建议是应该接受这两种疫苗注射，因为这些病患对抗这些自然发生病原菌的能力较差。

In a study of 14 hemiplegic patients, those who practiced ankle dorsiflexion using the mirror had more recovery of function in the affected limb than those who underwent direct conditioning.

在镜像治疗中，病患在健侧肢的床边放一面镜子，阻断他们对患侧肢的视线，建立两侧肢体都功能正常的假象；研究中的14名偏瘫病患，患侧肢利用镜子练习踝关节背曲的功能恢复比直接练习者佳。

Results showed that rapid cycling patients were more likely to be female, a fact more evident in bipolar I than bipolar II patients. Rapid cycling patients also showed a younger age of onset and a higher occurrence of depression at study entry. In the year prior to the study, the rapid cycling group showed poorer global functioning and a significantly greater rate of depressive and hypomanic/manic episodes. History of psychosis showed no correlation with rapid cycling but bipolar I patients were more likely to have symptoms of psychosis than bipolar II patients.

研究结果显示，快速循环病患以女性较多，而在两极I及两极II病患中更明显，快速循环病患发病年龄较轻，在研究期间较常出现忧郁症状，研究之前一年，快速循环组显示较低的整体功能，且有明显较高比例的忧郁及轻躁症/狂躁症，但是精神病史显示这与快速循环没有关系，但两极I比两极II病患更容易出现精神病症状。

The results showed an increased mean jitter value, fiber density and abnormal percentage both in EDC and AT muscles in group 1 and II diabetic patients comparing to the normal controls. These findings suggest an impaired or immatured neuromuscular junctions and an evidence of reinnervation through axonal sprouting in the diabetic patients either with or without nerve conduction abnormalities. In conclusion, the changes of axonal degeneration and reinnervation are the main pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic neuropathy, and the SFEMG is more sensitive than routine nerve conduction study in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathyKeyword Axonal degeneration , diabetes mellitus , neuropathy , single fiber electromyography

结果显示两组糖尿病病患的连续间值差异，肌纤维密度及不正常比率比对照组显著增加(t试验，依序p.01)，在第一组糖尿病患中，伸指总肌的连续波间值差异比第二组高(p.05)，而连续波间值差异与纤维密度之间也成线性相关的增加(伸指总肌，r=0.471，p.01；胫前肌，r=0.386，p.02)，在伸指总肌测得的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有75%不正常，第二组有33.3%不正常，而在胫前肌的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有83.3%的不正常，第二组有75%不正常，在肌纤维密度的测定中，第一组糖尿病患的伸指总肌有27.8%不正常，胫前肌有58.3%不正常，第二组病患的伸指总肌有25%不正常，胫前肌有41.7%不正常，此结果表示糖尿病神经变造成的神经肌像交接处不稳定及有神经轴再生的重分布现象，因此也证实糖尿病神经病变的主要病理机转为神经的退化所致，而在诊断上单纤维肌电图检查的敏感度也比运动神经传导速度检查为高。

Results: In the group of reservating intercostobrachial nerve, 48 patients have no change in sensation, 11 patients have anesthesia, one has burning sensation, and 9 patients have hypoaesthesia.

两组之间在统计学上有显著性差异（χ2=481570；P＜005）；肋间臂神经保留组58例术后未发生患肢疼痛，11例发生患肢疼痛；而肋间臂神经切除组5例术后未发生患肢疼痛，29例术后发生患肢疼痛。

A historical cohort of 53 patients who had undergone lung transplantation at the hospital between March 2004 and September 2005 served as a control group. The 2 groups were similar, although obstructive lung disease occurred in more patients in the control group and there were more patients with elevated CVP in the guideline-treated group. Both variables would be expected to favor the control group, Dr. Pilcher said.

Pilcher医师的团队前瞻性地针对56位于2005年10月至2007年1月之间接受移植的病患进行研究，并找了53位于2004年3月与2005年9月之间于同样医院接受肺脏移植病患作为控制组，这两组病患是相似的，虽然控制组病患发生阻塞性肺部疾病的机率较高，且接受指引治疗的病患CVP升高的人数较多；Pilcher医师表示，这两个变项被预期偏好控制组。

Dr. Spitz listed several factors that can contribute to a delay in diagnosis. He observed that some physicians expect epilepsy patients to present with grand mal seizures, that comorbid conditions such as cardiac disease and cancer can mask seizure activity, and that patients can be extremely confused for a day or two after mild seizures."The recovery period from an epileptic seizure is longer and more dramatic in someone who is 70 as opposed to someone who is seven," he said.

Spitz医师开出几项会造成诊断延误的因子，他观察到一些医师认为癫痫病患会有重癫痫的发作，comorbid的症状如心脏疾病和癌症会掩盖发作活动，病患在轻微发作后一两天会极度困惑，他表示，70岁病患癫痫症发病到复原的期间比七岁病患更长和更惊人，Spitz进一步表示，一旦被诊断出，老年病患的发病通常是轻微的，并且能用药物治疗。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。