恶性肿瘤

It also is related to bone marrow structural damage resulting from tumor invasion,large proliferation of granulation or fibrous tissue,which often affect hemopoiesis.Leukemoid reaction occurred in the majority of malignancies is myeloid leukemia response,among which some are.neutropenia,and even agranulocytosis and increasion or decreasion of platelets.These are all have close relationship with marrow invasion of malignant tumor,immune reaction of the body and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy.

亦与骨髓被恶性肿瘤细胞浸润、肉芽和纤维组织大量增生，使骨髓结构破坏，影响红系造血有关；绝大多数恶性肿瘤并发的类白血病反应是粒细胞性的，部分患者白细胞减少，甚至粒细胞缺乏，以及血小板增高或减少，均与恶性肿瘤细胞骨髓浸润、机体的免疫反应、放化疗有关。

Malignancy following enteric bladder augmentation arose in 4.5%(7/153) of our patients and was associated with coexisting carcinogenic stimuli (prolonged tobacco/chronic immunosuppressive exposure), or alternatively with the inherent risk of malignancy existing with bladder exstrophy.

我们研究的接受肠道膀胱扩大术的患者有4.5 ％（ 7 / 153 ）发生了恶性肿瘤，恶性肿瘤的发生与共存的致癌刺激（长期烟草/慢性免疫抑制剂的服用）有关，或者与膀胱外翻固有的恶性肿瘤发生风险相关。

Conclusion］ Lung cancer and esophageal carcinoma were the main malignancies in this area before the proceeding of nuclear power plant, and incidences of leucocythemia, hypothyroid malignancy and breast cancer are higher than average incidence of Jiangsu province.

结论］ 核电站运行前该地区恶性肿瘤以肺癌和消化道恶性肿瘤为主，白血病、甲状腺恶性肿瘤、乳腺癌发病率高于2004年江苏省内监测点数据，需在该地区持续开展恶性肿瘤监测，以评估核电站对恶性肿瘤的影响。

Breast cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for Taiwanese women. X-ray mammography is currently the most effective method for an early diagnosis of the breast cancer. The existence of spicules is one of most important visual signs for breast cancer diagnosis. Spiculation is a stellate distortion caused by the intrusion of breast cancer into surrounding tissue. In general, malignant tumors appear with rough and complex boundaries or contours, whereas benign masses present smooth, round, or oval contours.In this paper, we present a technique to detect the contours of spiculated lesions from the regions of interest in a mammographic image.

中文摘要乳癌是是我国妇癌症死亡主因的第四位，乳癌诊断程序中，乳房X光摄影为临床上医生诊断乳癌的利器，在诊断乳房摄影肿瘤的影像时，可用特徵决定为良性或恶性肿瘤，良性肿瘤通常会呈现圆滑的特徵，而恶性肿瘤则呈现星状或不规则不平滑特徵，这种星状或不规则不平滑特徵组织，称为星状物肿瘤，指的是肿瘤周围的乳腺组织，因星状物往外侵犯的关系造成的变形，星状物的存在是恶性肿瘤判断的依据。

Objective:to study the epidemiologic characteristic of mortality of malignant tumors in zhongshan city.method:selecting the investigated datum of mortality of malignant tumor in zhongshan city as sample uses sas statistics software to analyse and forecast the mortality by time series.results:morlality of male malignant tumor and both male and female malignant tumour showed the risen trend from 1970 to 1989.the trend will be kept in future.both will be separately risen to 121.05/105 and 83.92/105 in 2 000.mortality of female malignant tumour will be kept in about 43.59/105 in 2000.couclusion:mortality of both male and female malignant tumor takes on the trend of diffirent change.the male showed risen trend;the female showed the fluctuation of non-trend random.rising mortality of malignant tumor greatly threaden the crowd health.

目的：研究中山市恶性肿瘤死亡率的流行学特点，为制定防治计划提供依据。方法：以中山市恶性肿瘤死亡率调查资料为样本，应用sas统计分析软件对恶性肿瘤死亡率进行时间序列分析与预测。结果：1970～1989年男性恶性肿瘤死亡率和男女合计恶性肿瘤死亡率均呈现上升趋势且有继续保持的趋势。到2000年将分别上升为121.05/10万和83.92/10万左右；女性恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现无趋势的随机波动且将继续保持下去，到2000年保持在43.59/10万左右。结论：中山市男女恶性肿瘤死亡率呈不同变化趋势，男性恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现上升的趋势，女性恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现无趋势的随机波动。恶性肿瘤死亡率的上升对人群的健康构成重大威胁。

The first type of tumor(for example acinic cell carcinoma, oxyphilic cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and so on) possesses the above spectra feature.

根据这一区域的差异可以将恶性肿瘤分为两大类：一类恶性肿瘤具有上述的光谱特征(如腺泡细胞癌、嗜酸细胞腺癌和腺样囊性癌等)，另一类恶性肿瘤因为类型的不同在1500～1000 cm-1区域内峰形及峰位发生了很大的变化，不同于上述的光谱特征。

Results:The result showed that,in the period of 1987-1997,there were 6502 cases with 14 kinds of malignant tumors in this hospital,and 6221 cases with 6 kinds of digestive system tumors,including esophageal,gastric cardia,gastric,colorectal,liver and cholecystic tumors,its percentage in all of tumors was 97.5%;esophageal and gastric cardia cancers stood first and second on the list,3531 and 1764 cases respectively,their percentage in all of tumors were 81.4%,but other malignant tumors′ percentage was very lower.

结果：11年间该医院共收治14种恶性肿瘤6502例，其中包括食管、贲门、胃、肠道、肝和胆囊在内的6种消化系统肿瘤6221例，占全部恶性肿瘤数的95.7%；食管癌3 531例，贲门癌1764例，共占全部恶性肿瘤数的81.4%，位居前两位；胃癌和肺癌则排列第3位和第7位；宫颈癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结肠癌等其他常见恶性肿瘤则仅占很低的百分率。

Methods The exfoliated cells from 84 cases hydrothorax and ascites(including 35 cases of malignant tumor group and 49 cases of non-tumor group) were analyzed in DNA ploid by FCM, the results were compared with the method of exfoliative cytology.

方法应用流式细胞仪对84例患者(恶性肿瘤组35例，非恶性肿瘤组49例)的胸腹水脱落细胞进行DNA倍体分析；以检出异倍体为恶性肿瘤判断标准，并与胸腹水常规脱落细胞学涂片检查结果比较。

Crude death rate is 201.55 per 100 thousand, and standardization is 184.04 per 100 thousand, which is 43.93% higher than the average level of the whole country. The standardization are as follows: hepatoma (53.57 per 100 thousand), lung cancer (47.76 per 100 thousand), gastric cancer (31.17 per 100 thousand), breast carcinoma (5.18 per 100 thousand), colorectal cancer (8.6 per 100 thousand). Monitoring indicates that the aggravation of water, atmosphere, small marine products, and the unhealth life habits are the main facts. Earlier screening profits diagnosis and prevention beforehand.

结果 慈溪市近十年恶性肿瘤死亡率逐年上升，位全死因的第一位，粗死亡率为201.55/10万，标化死亡率184.04/10万，比全国平均高43.93%，恶性肿瘤顺位及标化死亡率以肝癌(53.57/10万)、肺癌(47.76/10万)、胃癌(31.17/10万)、乳腺癌(5.18/10万)、结直肠癌(8.6/10万)，大气、水、土壤、蔬菜、小海产品监测表明：水质、环境的恶化及本市区域的大气、小海产品局部污染和不良卫生习惯是恶性肿瘤发生的主因，早期筛查利于早发现、早预防。

Objective:To observe the changing trend of chronic di seases incidence rate in Chengdu and provide scientific data for effective int erven tion of chronic diseases Methods:Used EXCEL/SAS software to an alyze the surveillance data of chronic diseases in recent ten years Result:Three chronic diseases incidence rate was going up,male incidence rate was higher than that of female Malignant Nepolasm incident rate was first o ne, but Carebrovacular diseases increase was the fastest Diebetes Mellitus...

目的 ：了解成都市 1990～ 2 0 0 0年慢性非传染性疾病发病率的变化趋势，为慢性非传染性疾病的有效干预提供科学的数据。方法：采用 EXCEL、 SAS统计分析 1990～ 2 0 0 0年慢性非传染性疾病监测数据。结果：该市 3种慢性非传染性疾病(恶性肿瘤、脑卒中、缺血性心脏病)发病率呈上升趋势，且男性高于女性，其中恶性肿瘤发病率最高，脑卒中增长最快，恶性肿瘤中以肺癌发病率最高。糖尿病发病率女性高于男性。结论：成都市慢性非传染性疾病发病率正呈上升趋势，必须加强预防控制

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。