恶性瘤

There were 36 males and 40 females,with the average age of 47.7 years.36 patients presented with sciatica and perineal numbness,11 patients had painless mass and the other 20 were identified due to other causes.Among 67 benign neurogenic tumors,54 were originated from S1-S3 nerves,3 from S4-S5 nerves and 11 from the presacral space without caudal involvement.Giant cell tumor was found in 60 patients,which included 24 males and 36 females,with an average age of 32 years.Upper sacrum（S1-S2） was involved firstly.There were 56 patients（average,37.7 years） diagnosed as other primary benign bone tumors,which included 24 cases of teratomas,epidermoid cyst or dermoid cyst.Other malignant tumors,including chondrosarcoma （17）,Ewing′s sarcoma/PNET（14）,multiple myeloma（12）,lymphoma（6） and osteosarcoma（6） were found in 64 patients.

其中脊索瘤95例，男62例，女33例，平均年龄55.7岁，骶尾区疼痛是主要症状（82例），半数以上患者伴有坐骨神经痛，肿瘤多先累及低位骶骨（S3~S5）；神经源性肿瘤76例，男36例，女40例，平均年龄47.7岁，神经纤维瘤43例，神经鞘瘤24例，恶性神经鞘瘤9例，主诉多为坐骨神经痛、会阴部麻木（36例）和无痛性包块（11例），20例患者为查体或其他原因检查时发现，67例骶骨良性神经源性肿瘤起源于S3以上神经者54例，起源于S3以下神经者3例，发生于骶前未累及骶管者10例；骨巨细胞瘤60例，男24例，女36例，平均年龄32岁，腰骶尾部不适（37例）、坐骨神经痛（21例）是主要的临床表现，肿瘤多先累及上位骶骨（S1~S2）；骶骨其他原发良性肿瘤及瘤样病变56例，包括畸胎瘤、皮样囊肿、表皮样囊肿共24例；其他原发恶性肿瘤64例，包括软骨肉瘤17例，尤文肉瘤14例，多发性骨髓瘤12例，成骨肉瘤6例等。

Primary atrial tumor has obvious characteristic on RT-3DE: All the atrial tumor display the same size of stereoimages as the tumor themselves. There is a clear boundary between the stereoimage of the myxoma and the atrial wall and there exists a short pedicle connecting the atrial myxoma to the atrial wall or the interatrial septum. The body of the atrial myxoma moves to and fro through the atrium and the atrioventricular valve with the contraction and relaxation of the heart with a fixative pedicle. Atrial myxoma leads to relative atrioventricular valve incompetence during systolic phase and relative atrioventricular valve stenosis during diastolic phase, but doesn't result in pathological changes of atrioventricular valve which restore to normal after exsection of the atrial myxoma. Malignant atrial tumor closely and extensively contact with atrial wall without obvious boundary, pedicle and movement with the contraction and relaxation of the heart.

所有心房肿瘤RT-3DE均实时显示与肿瘤大小相同的立体形态图像；心房黏液瘤立体形态图像与心房壁界限明显，都通过一短蒂与房间隔或心房壁相连，瘤体以蒂为固定点随心脏收缩、舒张在心房与房室瓣口之间往返运动；心房黏液瘤收缩期瘤体导致房室瓣相对关闭不全，舒张期瘤体导致房室瓣相对狭窄，但瘤体不引起房室瓣器质性病变，瘤体摘除后房室瓣功能即恢复正常；恶性心房肺瘤立体形态图像与心房壁关系密切，界限不明显，接触范围广泛，无蒂，瘤体不随心脏收缩、舒张运动。

Some of the laryngeal MFH were difficult to be differentiated from carcinosarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma , myxoid liposarcoma ,malignant neurilemmoma and myxoma without immunohistochemical aids .

喉恶性纤维组织细胞瘤常规组织学与癌肉瘤、多形性横纹肌肉瘤、粘液型脂肪肉瘤、恶性神经鞘瘤、粘液瘤有时易混淆，免疫组织化学有助于明确诊断。

Methods:The CT and MPd features of rare adrenal neoplasms verified with operation and pathology were investigated retrospectively in 21 eases. The tumor included adrenal cyst 8 cases, myelolipoma 7 cases, ganglioneuroma 3 cases, neurofibrroma, primary malignant lymphoma and malignant mesothe lioma 1 eases respectively.

对21例经手术和病理证实的肾上腺少见肿瘤的CT、MRI表现进行回顾性分析，包括囊肿8例、髓质脂肪瘤7例、神经节细胞瘤3例、神经纤维瘤、原发恶性淋巴瘤及恶性间皮瘤各1例。

All of these patients underwent plain and contrast-enhancement CT scan. Results: Thirteen cases included 5 neurilemmomas (3 malignant cases included), 5 neurofibromas, 1 neuroblastoma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 1 malignant paraganglioma. In the 13 cases, 2 cases derived from plexus sacralis, 2 cases located in the pelvic peritoneal space, 6 cases located in the pelvic extrapentoneal space, and 3 cases located in the vesica extraperitoneal space.

结果：神经鞘瘤5例（其中恶性3例），神经纤维瘤5例，神经母细胞瘤1例，节细胞性神经瘤1例，恶性副节细胞瘤1例。2例起源于骶丛，经由骶孔向盆腔内生长；2例起源于盆腔，其中1例源于膀胱，1例位于膀胱直肠陷窝；直肠腹膜外间隙6例；膀胱腹膜外间隙3例。

CCSK is a rare type of renal neoplasm in childhood and its diagnosis relies mainly on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. It is important to be familiar with the morphological variants of CCSK to avoid confusion with other similar lesions, such as Wilm's tumor, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

CCSK是一种罕见的儿童期恶性肾肿瘤，诊断主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化，熟悉其形态学变异有利于与其它类似病变如肾母细胞瘤、先天性中胚叶肾瘤、肾恶性横纹肌样瘤、原始神经外胚叶肿瘤等鉴别。

The postoperative pathology confirmed that cortical carcinoma was found in 5 cases and pheochromocytoma in 20 cases, malignant pheochromocytoma in 4 cases, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1 case, neurocytoma in 1 case, myelolipoma in 1 case, dysembryoma in 1 case, dysembryo-sarcoma in 1 case, well-differentiated liposarcoma in 1 case respectively.

术后病理提示皮质癌5例；嗜铬细胞瘤20例；恶性pheo 4例；恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例；节神经细胞瘤1例；髓样脂肪瘤1例；畸胎瘤1例；畸胎肉瘤1例；高分化脂肪肉瘤1例。

There were 22 malignant tumors including 11 osteosarcomas, 5 chondrosarcomas, 2 malignant fibrous histocytomas, and one each of malignant osteoblastoma, alveolar sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone. 28 benign tumors included 27 giant cell tumors of bone and 1 benign fibrous histocytoma.

肿瘤类型：恶性肿瘤22例，其中骨肉瘤11例，软骨肉瘤5例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例，恶性骨母细胞瘤、腺泡状肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、骨巨细胞肉瘤各1例；良性肿瘤28例，其中骨巨细胞瘤27例，良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。

ABSTRACT Objective To discuss the clinical pathologic features and differential diagnosis of mixed germ cell sex cord stromal tumorwith malignant variant of germ cell tumor Methods The clinical pathologic datum and immunophenotype were studied in the case of ovary MGCSCST with malignant variance of germ cell tumor Results The patient's genital anatomy and female phenotype were normal,karotypes was 46xx with uterogestation The tumor tissue consisted of mixed germ cells and sex cord stromal cells with evident malignancy of mixed germ cells There was no atypical structure of gonadoblastoma in tumor tissue Conclusion MGCSCSST has complex morphosis,thus,to prevent misdiagnosis,more samples should be collected and more slices be cut The patient may have prognosis malo when there are high malignant variants of mixed germ cells in tumor tissue

目的 探讨混合性生殖细胞性索间质肿瘤(mixed germ cell sex cord stromal tumor，MGCSCST)伴恶性生殖细胞肿瘤变异型的临床病理特点及鉴别诊断。方法卵巢MGCSCST伴恶性生殖细胞肿瘤变异型的病例进行临床病理特征和免疫表型分析。结果患者生殖器的解剖结构和女性表型正常，染色体组型是46xx，足月妊娠。肿瘤组织由混合性生殖细胞和性索间质肿瘤构成，混合性生殖细胞有显著的恶性特征。瘤组织中没有典型的性腺母细胞瘤结构。结论 MGCSCST有复杂的形态结构，因此更多的取材和切片可以防止误诊，当肿瘤组织中的混合性生殖细胞有高度恶性变异时，患者预后不良。卵巢肿瘤；生殖细胞性索间质肿瘤；免疫组织化学

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is an aggressive spindle cell sarcoma that is closely associated with neurofibromas, neurofibromatosis type 1 and from the sites previously irradiated.

恶性周边神经髓鞘瘤是一种恶性纺锤细胞肉瘤，和神经纤维瘤、第一型多发性神经纤维瘤症和以前接受过放射治疗的部位有密切相关。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！