恒电压

Cable reel motor torque constant tension which has the characteristics When the load increases in the motor output shaft speed will automatically come down, volume Rao assured when cable tension unchanged. Rao nature of this excellent performance closely integrated with the Volume; Cage used motor hysteresis coupling increases in size, functionality, easy installation, the constant tension similar characteristics, we can under the conditions required output torque. They can pull the cable external circumstances, hysteresis coupling protect cables; using torque motor controller to increase frequency hysteresis couplings Surge part because of the cable reel SCR converter using a new technology operation, smoothing adjustments to the motor terminal voltage, thereby ensuring that the output torque of the motor unchanged. so that the cable can smooth the road with the truck

其中力矩电机电缆卷筒具有恒张力的特点，当负载增加时电机的输出轴转速能自动随之降低，保证电缆卷饶时张力不变，这个优越的性能与卷饶性紧密结合；采用笼型电机加磁滞式联轴器具有体积小，功能全，安装维护方便，近似恒张力等特点，既可以根据工况需要输出力矩，又可以在电缆受外力拉住的情况下，通过磁滞式联轴器保护电缆；而采用力矩控制器加变频电机加磁滞式联轴节的电缆卷筒因其调压部分采用可控硅变流新技术，可以平滑地对电机的端电压进行调节，从而保证了力矩随负载的变化而改变，使电缆能平稳的跟大车的行进。

The apparatus use Lm336 as constant voltage source, and it been converted to constant - current source by amplification, which provide current for the Hall probe. The non-idiostatic offset circuit use the bridge method to offset the circuit. So while the magnetic density is null, the output voltage of Hall probe is null too.

仪器采用恒压源经过放大器转换为恒流源，为霍尔探头提供工作电流；不等位电势补偿电路采用桥式补偿网络，补偿电压通过调节可变电阻获得，实现霍尔电势的幅值补偿，使外磁场为零时，霍尔探头输出电势为零；磁通电路主要提供对样品的磁特性测量，它由测量线圈和积分器组成。

The pulse power supply consists of three-phase half-wave thyristor rectifier and IGBT chopping circuit.

该电源采用三相半波晶闸管整流电路，IGBT进行直流斩波；根据电流电压反馈信号计算偏差，进行数字PI调节获得恒流、恒压输出特性；控制系统通过20mA电流环异步串行通讯接口与人机界面交换数据。

This generator adopts such two excitation systems as harmonic excitation self-excitation constant and automation volt controlling excitation constant volt,it owns many advantages as the best dynamic properties、simply operating and durable.

发电机采用谐波励磁自励恒压和自动电压控制励磁恒压两种励磁系统，具有最佳的动态特性，使用方便可靠，经久耐用。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

It is discussed that the adjusting effect of OLTC to the voltage of primary and secondary side is in close relation to the load type.

研究了有载调压变压器分接头的调节作用对变压器一、二次侧电压的影响与恒阻抗负荷、恒电流负荷、恒功率负荷以及电动机负荷等不同的负荷类型的关系。

MSP430F169 microcontroller was the core components of control and measurement function of an electromagnetic relay characteristic parameter tester. The tester also included DC power module, power amplifier module, constant current source module, keys, and digital tube display module. The tester could test the data of 943-1C-12DS electromagnetic relays including the minimum pull-in voltage, maximum release voltage, relay coil voltage rating when the pull-contact time, release time as well as the contact value of the contact resistance. The system could complete automatic measurement parameters to achieve all the basic requirements of design. And all of the test data was displayed through the 74HC573 digital tube.

摘 要：以MSP430F169单片机作为控制和测量的核心部件，辅以直流稳压电源模块、功率放大电路模块、恒流源模块、按键和数码管显示模块等组成一个电磁式继电器特性参数测试仪，完成对943-1C-12DS电磁式继电器最小吸合电压、最大释放电压、继电器线圈电压为额定值时的触点吸合时间、释放时间以及触点接触电阻值的测试，该系统能够实现成套参数自动测量，所有测试数据通过74HC573数码管进行显示。

Use bifurcation curve and analyze the effect on voltage stability by static load model,propose that critical voltage decrease with the constant impedance ratio increasing.

使用分岔曲线，分析了负荷静态模型对系统电压失稳临界点电压值的影响，得出系统发生电压失稳时临界电压值随负荷模型中恒阻抗负荷比例的增加而降低，并对北京电网进行实例分析。

Quasi-constant torque control is used when the speed is lower than 125 km/h, and constant power control is applied when the speed is higher than 125 km/h. Direct rotor flux oriented control system is employed and three-level neutral point clamped traction inverter with SVPWM control is adopted.

在速度低于125km/h采用准恒转矩控制，速度高于125km/h采用恒功率控制，采用直接转子磁场定向控制系统，牵引逆变器采用空间电压矢量控制的带中点钳位二极管的三电平拓扑结构。

This design uses AT89C51 SCM chip controls the charging process, achieving A/D convert and show circuit. The battery voltage information can be detected by the external circuit to choose the correct charge mode, realizing the intelligent conversion mode of the trickle charge, the constant current charging, the constant voltage charging and the float charge.

采用AT89C51单片机芯片作为充电过程的控制芯片进行电路设计，实现A/D转换和显示电路，并根据外部电路检测到的电池电压信息选择正确的充电模式，实现在涓流、恒流、恒压及浮充电模式之间的智能转换。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。