恒定电压

Meanwhile, this detected voltage difference is amplified and filtered, and finally the processed signal is transmitted to the analog input of the DAQ card for further software operation, display, and storage.

其工作原理是利用DAQ卡类比输出通道，送出不同频率且幅值恒定的正弦电压信号，透过修正型Howland定电流驱动电路将电压信号转成电流信号加入体内，由量测电极取出电压信号经放大滤波后，把讯号送入类比输入DAQ卡，并在LabVIEW人机介面上做运算处理、分析、显示与储存。

Secondly, We design the voltage-modulating circuit of the BLONDEL. We can modulate the voltage of the aided electrical exciting winding, then result in the alternation of the air-gap magnet field. We can keep the outer voltage invariable.

其次，本文采用96系列单片机设计了双电压复合励磁稀土永磁同步发电机的电压调节电路，可调节加在电励磁绕组上的电压，从而改变发电机气隙磁场的强弱的变化，使发电机的输出电压保持恒定。

we use magnetron sputtering to deposit Al-AlN particle film as SED's electron-emitter. The Cr-Cu-Cr electrode was prepared by electron beam vaporize deposition. The voltage used to electroform the cracks are periodic trigonal wave and the breadth of the voltage are increasing gradually.

文章中采用铝-氮化铝薄膜材料作为SED器件的电子发射层，采用磁控溅射的方法镀电子发射层，采用电子束蒸发的方法镀铬-铜-铬材料作为电极；电形成过程中采用电压幅值恒定、周期性重复的脉冲和电压幅值渐增的电压脉冲作为电极电压。

This constant emitter current, multiplied by a constant α ratio, gives a constant collector current through Rload, provided that there is enough battery voltage to keep the transistor in its active mode for any change in Rload's resistance.

这个恒定的发射极电流，乘以恒定的系数α，就得到流过负载Rload的恒定的集电极电流。前提是电池电压足够高，不论Rload如何变化，晶体管都能工作在放大区。

Afterwards, we propose a new constant coefficients measurement method in dynamic equation of robot manipulators, this measurement method includes three groups of experiments: group one, let each joint of robot manipulator keep static to measure the constant coefficients in gravity term of dynamic equation and Coulomb frictional torque, group two: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at a constant velocity to measure the viscous frictional coefficient and constant coefficients in effective inertia of dynamic equation, group three: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at constant acceleration at a time to measure constant coefficients in Coriolis and centrifugal term and coupling inertia of dynamic equation.

让操作器单个关节恒速运动，在对驱动系统中传动机构，减速装置和电感系数综合考虑的基础上，这组实验对粘滞摩擦系数及有效惯量中常数系数进行测量。这种测量方法只要求旋转关节的驱动电机施加恒定电压，回转关节驱动电机施加正弦波电压。3。让操作器单个关节恒加速运动，这组实验测量动力学方程中哥氏力、离心力项和耦合惯量项中的常数系数，这种测量方法只要求单个关节匀加速运动，而其它各关节保持静止，这种测量方法虽然要求关节匀加速运动，但不必进行关节角加速度检测，而只需进行关节角位移和角速度检测即可，输入量直接给定为输入电压。

In this paper the effect of parallel reactors on long distance transmission is investigated.

本文研究了并联电抗器对远距输电的影响。假定了两端电压恒定，两端电压间夹角恒定，这就保证了一定的稳定度。

The saturation behavior of stress current is studied.

文摘：基于一阶速率方程，讨论了恒定电压应力下应力电流的饱和行为。

In this paper, the generator model of constant transient voltage and the invariableness impedance model was used, and the saliency of generator is included; through the analysis of the characteristic of the network equation calculation in the transient stability analysis, a new node ordering algorithm is proposed. Better initial value can accelerate the convergence rate of the networking equations, reduce the number of iterations, thus to cut down the amount of calculating time.

本文首先建立了适合于暂态稳定分析的简单模型，其中发电机采用E_q恒定模型，考虑了发电机的暂态凸极效应，负荷采用恒定阻抗模型；研究了电力系统的暂态稳定分析方法，指出目前数值积分暂态稳定计算方法中存在的不足，主要是网络方程的求解速度过慢；分析了暂态稳定计算中网络方程的特点，将稀疏技术应用于网络方程的求解，提出了一种新的节点编号方法——最小度最小有源节点道路集算法，减少了网络方程的计算量；在进行交替迭代求解时，将预测算法应用于每一积分步网络方程功角和电压的初值估计当中，应用自回归算法和广义延拓算法，期望给出一个更有效的电压和功角初值方案，来加快方程的收敛过程，减少方程迭代的次数，以提高计算速度。

L Intelligent three-phase charge mode: We adopt constant current technology at the beginning of charge, which can made current invariable and avoid battery broken or accelerating battery aging. It can convert to constant- voltage and current-limiting charge when charge voltage achieves upper limit voltage, which can improve effectively the capacity conversion efficiency of battery. Trickle and floating charge make each single cell battery constant receive electricity and ensure battery capacity can be recall most, which solved the unbalanced phenomenon of single cell battery and avoid the danger of voltage change and the end of battery charge, extend battery life.

l 智能三阶段充电模式：充电初期采用恒流技术，使充电电流恒定，避免损坏电池，加速电池的老化；充电电压达到上限电压时自动转换为恒压限流充电，有效的提高了蓄电池的容量转换效率；涓流浮充使各单体电池均衡受电，保证电池容量得以最大限度恢复，有效解决单体电压不均衡现象，避免了市电电压的变化和蓄电池充电的末期造成的蓄电池过压充电的危险，大大延长了蓄电池的使用寿命。

Trickle and floating charge can make each single cell battery receiving electricity constant, ensure batteries capacity resuming maximum, settle the disproportion phenomenon of single cell battery, avoid the overvoltage charge danger of the power voltage change and the end of battery charge and extend the operational life of battery.

61548；完善的充电特性：采用恒流技术，充电初期电流恒定，使每节电池都能较快地充分地充满电，充电效率高，电池温升小；在充电电压达到上限电压时自动切换到恒压限流充电，有效的提高了蓄电池的容量转换效率；涓流浮充使各单体电池均衡受电，保证电池容量得以最大限度恢复，有效解决单体电压不均衡现象，避免了市电电压的变化和蓄电池充电的末期造成的蓄电池过压充电的危险，大大延长了蓄电池的使用寿命。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。