总体值

We can use a random sample of size n from the population,{(xi1, xi2…, xik; yi): i=1,…,n}, where i denotes observation, and j= 1,…,k denotes the jth regressor.

我们可以使用总体的一个容量为n的随机样本，{(xi1， xi2…， xik； yi)： i=1，…，n}，其中i 代表第i个观察值，j=1，…，k代表第j个回归元。

Divide the whole region D into finite units and corresponding link points may be obtained. Constructing the equation of variation calculation about every element leads to the finite number of equations. Further more, algebra equation group for general synthesis are gained by adding these finite number of equations, that is,{T}={P} where is the coefficient matrix of the equation group, or say the temperature rigidity matrix,{T} is the row vector of unknown temperature and {P} is the row vector of the terms on the right side of the equation.

然后将整体区域D划分成有限个单元并得到相应的有限个节点，从而可以得到关于每个单元的变分计算方程，将这有限个方程相加就得到了总体合成的代数方程组，即{T}={P}，其中为方程组的系数矩阵，也称温度刚度矩阵，{T}为未知温度值的列向量，{P}为等式右端项组成的列向量。

The paper uses duration technique to measure portfolio interest rate risks under liability-driven investment. We first introduce Lewin and Satchell equity duration model, and establish an simple equity duration model under free cash flow to equity.

本文首先回顾了 Lewin 和 Satchell 提出的股票久期模型，然后基于股权自由自由现金流模型建立了一个简化的股票久期模型，以这两个模型为依据，计算出我国上证50指数成分股的总体久期值分别为18和25。

In this paper,the behavioral,physiological, ecological adaption mechanism of H.armigera and H.assulta to their common host plant tobacco were studied comparatively,and the main results were summarized as follows:Electroantennogram response of adult to tobacco volatiles:(1) H.armigera and H.assulta elicited similar EAG responses to the tested 20 tobacco volatiles;both of them elicited significantly more sensitive to green leaf volatiles,aliphatic and aromatic compounds, than to monoterpene,sesquiterpene,heterocyclic compounds under lower concentration; while the similar EAG responses under higher concentration were detected,but most of them were not significantly different with each other.

本文从行为、生理和生态适应三个方面，对棉铃虫和烟夜蛾与烟草间的互作进行了比较研究，主要结果如下：成虫对烟草挥发物的EAG反应：(1)两种夜蛾对测试的20种烟草挥发物均可产生EAG反应；低浓度下对绿叶气味、脂肪族、芳香族化合物的EAG反应显著高于单萜类、倍半萜类和杂环化合物；高浓度下的EAG反应也表现出相似的总体反应趋势，但多数反应值间的差异未达显著水平。

The main content of this thesis is as follows: 1The structures of EPS are analyzed. The main components of EPS are introduced in detail. Then the distributed torque in EPS is analyzed and the control system model is set up. 2Three control modes are discussed and the control strategy of EPS is studied in detail. Three principal modules in the control strategy are discussed—the predicted module which predicts motor rotational speed and steering rotational speed, the power-assistant module and the return control module. 3The assistant torque curves of the motor are designed by using the B-spline, so that any kind of custom-built assistant torque curves can be designed according to different kinds of automobiles. 4The hardware frame of EPS is studied. The developed controller based on 8-bit MCU MC68HC908MR8 is introduced and many related circuit units are designed, including the control circuit, the driver control circuit and so on. The software structure is discussed, then the steering control program flowchart is given.

本文的主要工作有： 1分析了EPS 的总体构成，对EPS 的各个部件作了详细的介绍，并在此基础上分析了EPS 的受力情况，建立了控制系统模型，并研究了EPS 的安全性能； 2讨论了EPS 的三种控制方式，提出了控制策略，并讨论了其中三个关键模块的作用：预估模块包括对电机转速和方向盘角速度的预估，助力控制模块以及回正模块； 3用B 样条插值方法进行EPS 助力曲线的设计，可按照用户的要求设计任意形状的助力曲线，以满足不同车型和不同用户的要求； 4研究了控制系统的硬件结构，以MC68HC908MR8 为核心设计了控制器，详细讨论了控制器的控制电路、驱动电路等；设计了控制系统的软件，给出了控制程序流程图，并对要点进行了详细的说明。

Result On the whole, the collected sludge was a kind of organic fertilizer with high nutrient content, which contained rich organic matter (296.84g/kg on average), high nitrogen (48.33g/kg on average), medium phosphorus (18.94g/kg on average), low potassium (14.17g/kg on average). The pH value of the sludge was all in 5.95-7.73, being between subacidity and alkalescence, and application in the garden soil could not produce great influence on the acidity-alkalinity of soil.

结果］总体上所采集污泥是一种富含有机质（平均为296.84g/kg）、高氮（平均为48.33g/kg）、中磷（平均为18.94g/kg）、低钾（平均为14.17g/kg）的养分含量颇高的有机肥。pH值在5.95-7.73，处于微酸性和微碱性之间，在园林土壤中施用，不会对土壤的酸碱度造成大的影响。

So called reservoir is physical or mathematical; for a physical system, the mathematical model is a system of partial differential equations with related initial and boundary value conditions, it can describe important physical process occurring in the system, for example, the process occurring in reservoir, which mainly concludes flow of fluids and transportation of mass, gravity、 viscosity、compressibility have effect to it; differential equations describing this process are obtained by combining Darcy law of every phase and its mass equilibrium in differential form.

这种模型是物理的或数学的；一个物理系统的数学模型，是偏微分方程组和适当的一组初、边值条件的总体，它能够描述在系统中发生的重要的物理过程，比如在油藏中发生的过程，主要是流体的流动和质量的转移，重力、粘滞力、压缩性等在流体流动过程中都是起作用的；描述这个过程的微分方程是由将各相达西定律和各该相的微分形式的物质守恒相结合而得到的。

Without considering the EM effect and using the generalized variational structure principle, It can get the corresponding variational structure equation.

通过用四面体单元和三棱柱单元对大地模型进行剖分、插值、总体集成，最后解方程，实现了在水平地形和起伏地形条件下频率域激电参数的正演模拟。2。

The species diversity of Dipentodon sinicus communities in Yushe National Forest Park of Guizhou province was studied based on the quadrate method. The results showed that Rosaceae, Ericaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Cornaceae were the dominant families in D. sinicus communities of Yushe National Forest Park. In the 10 sample plots, there were 8 which were absolutely dominated with D. sinicus population, the importance value came up to 135.69 on average, and it was far higher than the others. For D. sinicus communities, the abundance index (2.847), Simpson index (0.601), Shannon-Wiener index (1.523), probability of inter-specific encounter (0.601) and species evenness (0.569) of the tree layer were lower than those of the shrub layer (5.580, 0.830, 2.377, 0.829, 0.672, respectively) on the whole. It markedly showed a species diversity characteristic of the mixed broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest in middle subtropics. In the 10 sample plots, the species diversity level of Q1 was the highest, followed by Q3, Q5 and Q6 was the lowest.

摘要运用样方法对贵州省玉舍国家级森林公园稀有保护植物十齿花群落的物种多样性进行了研究，结果表明：玉舍国家级森林公园十齿花群落以蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科、桦木科、山茶科、樟科、忍冬科、山茱萸科等为优势科；10个样地中有8个样地以十齿花种群占绝对优势，其平均重要值高达135.69，远远高于其它种群；十齿花群落乔木层物种丰富度为2.847、Simpson指数为0.601、Shannon-Wiener指数为1.523、种间相遇机率为0.601、均匀度指数为0.569，总体上均小于灌木层(分别为：5.580、0.830、2.377、0.829、0.672)，表现为较明显的亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性特征。10个样地中，Q1的物种多样性程度最高，Q3次之，Q5和Q6最小，多样性程度最低，10个样地的物种多样性排序为Q1＞Q3＞Q9＞Q7＞Q2＞Q4＞Q10＞Q8＞Q5＞Q6。

The sandstone of reservoir spreads NNW-NW. The high thickness of sandstone develops in northwest and center of the study area, and it changes thinner to dactylitic pinchout in the direction of southeast.

砂岩总体走势北北西～北西向，砂岩厚度高值区发育在研究区西北部和中部，向东南方向砂岩有逐渐变薄直至指状尖灭的趋势。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。