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The results showed as follows: 1 Extraction of gelsemium total alkaloids. Total alkaloids were extracted with 95 per cent ethanol. The extract rate was 0.519 per cent and the extract purity were 88.02 per cent and 87.38 per cent; Total alkaloids were extracted with chloroform .The extract rate was 0.416 per cent and the extract purity were 89.02 per cent and 94.52 per cent. 2 Isolation of gelsemium total alkaloids with TLC. Total alkaloids contained five or more alkaloids. The optimal developing agent was chloroform :methanol :ethyl acetate(9:l:0.3),the optimal eluent was methylene chloride:methanol(92:8). 3 Isolation of total alkaloids with column chromatography. Alkaloid A and alkaloid B were obtained, alkaloid B was identified as koumine.

研究结果如下：1、钩吻总碱的提取：用95％的乙醇提取钩吻生物碱提取率为0.519％，其提取物纯度为88.02％、87.35％；用氯仿提取钩吻生物碱提取率为0.416％，其提取物纯度为89.02％、94.52％。2、钩吻总碱的薄层层析分离：总碱中含有5种或5种已上的生物碱；氯仿：甲醇：乙酸乙酯(9：1：0.3)是最佳薄层层析的展开剂；二氯甲烷：甲醇(92：8)是柱层析的最佳洗脱剂。3、钩吻总碱的柱层析分离：共得到两种钩吻生物碱单体成分碱A和碱B，碱B为钩吻素子，碱A可能是钩吻素甲。4、钩吻总碱的急性毒性试验：钩吻总碱小鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量LD_(50是：7.38mg／kg，95％的可信限范围为：6.67mg／kg～7.94mg／kg。

Result:As compared with the model group, the effect of small dose group and middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on TBV% of shankbone increased significantly; the effect of small dose group and middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on TRS% of shankbone reduced significantly and TFS%, AFS%, MAR, BFR of shankbone reduced obviously; the effect of middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on OSW and mAR reduced obviously, the effect of small dose group of osteopractic total flavone on them had the tendency of reducing, but there was no statistical significance.

结果 ：对胫骨骨小梁体积百分比的影响，与模型组比较，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组和中剂量组的TBV %明显增高；对胫骨骨小梁吸收表面百分比的影响，与模型组比较，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组、中剂量组的TRS %显著降低；对胫骨骨小梁形成表面百分比，活性生成表面百分比，骨小梁矿化率和骨小梁骨生成率的影响，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组、中剂量组的TFS %，AFS %，MAR ，BFR较模型组皆明显降低；对胫骨类骨质平均宽度和骨皮质矿化率的影响，骨碎补总黄酮中剂量组的OSW和mAR与模型组比较，明显降低；骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组与之相比，有下降的趋势，但无统计学意义。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

It also revealed the antagonistic effect on myocardial hypertrophy pronouncedly in total timosaponins and total astragalus saponins treated group. Conclusions Total timosaponins has the restrain effect on myocardial hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline in mouse. Among the selected doses, the theoretical optimal proportion of total timosaponins and total astragalus saponins is (25+100) mgkg^(-1). The complex prescription can enhance the action.

黄芪总皂苷对盐酸异丙肾上腺素所致小鼠心肌肥厚具有显著的抑制作用；知母总皂苷与黄芪总皂苷在所选择剂量范围内的理论最佳配比为(25+100)mgkg^(-1)；知母总皂苷与黄芪总皂苷组成的复方有抗盐酸异丙肾上腺素所致小鼠心力衰竭作用。

Result:The grades of the abilities of mass motor and balance were positively correlated with the A reaction time,total reaction time of Stroop Test,and negatively correlated with the score of down-reciting in Wechsler Memory Scale.The standard score of lack of learning ability or mal-coordination was positively correlated with the D reaction time,total reaction time and the number of D errors and total errors in Stroop Test,and positively correlated with the standard grade in Ravin's Standard Progressive Matrices.The negative correlation was existed between the grade of touch excessive defense,emotionalinstability and the errors in C part and the reaction time in interference of word color in the Stroop Test.

结果：感觉统合功能量表中，大肌肉及平衡能力的等级评分与Stroop测验的A反应时、总反应时呈正相关，与韦氏记忆中倒背数字得分呈负相关；触觉过度防御及情绪不稳的等级评分与Stroop测验的C错误数和色干扰呈负相关；本体感不佳、身体协调不良的等级评分与Stroop测验的C错误数和总错误数呈负相关；学习能力发展不足或协调不良的等级评分与Stroop测验的D反应时、总反应时、D错误数、总错误数以及瑞文标准推理测验的标准等级分呈正相关；大年龄的特殊问题的等级评分与Stroop测验的C错误数、D错误数、总错误数呈负相关。

From the results of different coefficient and similar coefficient,Schima superbashowed high total mean different coefficient and low total mean similar coefficient;Castanopsis chinensis showed high total mean different coefficient and media totalmean similar coefficient;Cryptocarya chinensis showed low total mean differentcoefficient and high total mean similar coefficient.

从相异系数和相似系数的计算看，荷木总平均相异系数最大，总平均相似系数最小；锥栗总平均相异系数大，总平均相似系数居中；厚壳桂总平均相异系数最小，总平均相似系数最大。

The results showed an increased mean jitter value, fiber density and abnormal percentage both in EDC and AT muscles in group 1 and II diabetic patients comparing to the normal controls. These findings suggest an impaired or immatured neuromuscular junctions and an evidence of reinnervation through axonal sprouting in the diabetic patients either with or without nerve conduction abnormalities. In conclusion, the changes of axonal degeneration and reinnervation are the main pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic neuropathy, and the SFEMG is more sensitive than routine nerve conduction study in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathyKeyword Axonal degeneration , diabetes mellitus , neuropathy , single fiber electromyography

结果显示两组糖尿病病患的连续间值差异，肌纤维密度及不正常比率比对照组显著增加(t试验，依序p.01)，在第一组糖尿病患中，伸指总肌的连续波间值差异比第二组高(p.05)，而连续波间值差异与纤维密度之间也成线性相关的增加(伸指总肌，r=0.471，p.01；胫前肌，r=0.386，p.02)，在伸指总肌测得的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有75%不正常，第二组有33.3%不正常，而在胫前肌的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有83.3%的不正常，第二组有75%不正常，在肌纤维密度的测定中，第一组糖尿病患的伸指总肌有27.8%不正常，胫前肌有58.3%不正常，第二组病患的伸指总肌有25%不正常，胫前肌有41.7%不正常，此结果表示糖尿病神经变造成的神经肌像交接处不稳定及有神经轴再生的重分布现象，因此也证实糖尿病神经病变的主要病理机转为神经的退化所致，而在诊断上单纤维肌电图检查的敏感度也比运动神经传导速度检查为高。

Leaves. Result: Extraction temperature had effect on total flavonoids yield, and ethanol concentration had more obvious effect than extraction temperature. The more natural storage time, the less total flavonoids content, and the average descent rate was 24.74% per year. The flavonoids content from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. gathered between August and October was the highest. The total flavonoids content was higher in the new leaves of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.

结果：乙醇体积分数对总黄酮提取量有显著影响，提取温度对总黄酮提取量有影响；多穗柯自然存放时间越长，总黄酮含量越低，平均每年下降24.74%；不同季节采摘的多穗柯其总黄酮含量以8~10月最高；经对怀化多穗柯嫩叶和老叶中总黄酮的提取测定表明，多穗柯中嫩叶总黄酮含量最高，二年生最低。

By using established analytical methods for determination of elemental sulfur,hydrogen sulfide,mercaptan,disulfide,total active sulfur and corrosive sulfur in Middle East crude oils were conducted Differences between the sum of various types of active sulfur and total active sulfur,the relationship of total active sulfur and total sulfur in the fraction of IBP to 350 ℃,the relationship of total active sulfur and corrosive sulfur,and the distribution of different active sulfurs in the same crude oil and to...

利用已经建立起来的方法对中东原油中的元素硫、硫化氢、硫醇、二硫化物、总活性硫、腐蚀性硫进行了分析，并讨论了不同类型活性硫的加和值与总活性硫的相关性、初馏点至 3 5 0℃馏分中总活性硫和总硫的关系、总活性硫与腐蚀性硫的关系、同一原油中不同类型活性硫和不同原油中总活性硫的分布以及中东原油在硫化合物分布上与哈萨克斯坦原油的差别等问题。

Amount of total phenolic compounds, total flavones and DPPH scavenging activity for different kinds of vinegars were compared. The results indicate that (1) DPPH scavenging activity of different kinds of vinegars has a positive correlation with amount of total phenolic compounds, total flavones, the correlation coefficients were 0.9523 and 0.8691, respectively,(2) the higher content of phenolic compounds and flavones in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar respond for its higher scavenging activity.

对不同品种食醋总酚含量、总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除活性的比较分析表明：(1)不同品种食醋自由基清除活性与醋中的总酚含量、总黄酮含量存在正相关性，相关系数分别为0.9523、0.8691；(2)镇江香醋中由于总酚含量、总黄酮含量较高因而自由基清除作用较强。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了