性选择的

The results show that small world network model could explain the big change of intensiveness and connectedness in forming process. And individual selection value function could explain the stable intensiveness, connectedness in growing and mature process. Combined the both, the characteristics of the whole process could be reflected.

研究表明，小世界网络模型模拟的集群网络具有集群形成期网络整体密集性和连通性剧烈变化的特征，而个体选择价值函数模型可以解释集群网络的成长期、成熟期的密集性和连通性趋于稳定的特征，将2种演化规则相结合，则可以反映集群网络从形成期到成熟期的各生命周期特征。

A clone from each genotype was randomly selected as representative for sequencing. The obtained 16S rDNA gene sequences had a similarity of 87%-100% with those in the GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov), and more than half of them had a similarity lower than 97%, being of new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria in the two soils were classified into 10 groups, with 5 groups in common. The dominant bacterial groups in the two soils differed obviously. In primeval forest soil, the dominant group was Proteobacteria, which had 39 genotypes, occupying 58.0% of all the clones; while in the soil of degraded ecosystem the dominant groups were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, which had 19 and 15 genotypes occupying 32.5% and 30.5% of all the clones, respectively. In the soil of degraded ecosystem, Proteobacteria group decreased while Acidobacteria group increased markedly, compared with those in primeval forest soil.

从每种基因型中随机选择一个克隆子作为代表进行测序分析，所有序列与GenBank数据库中序列的同源性为87%~100%，且两样地中均有超过一半的基因型序列与数据库中已知序列同源性低于97%，属于分类在"种"地位上的新发现细菌；通过系统发育研究将两样地的细菌分为10大类群，两样地共同拥有5大类群，但两样地的细菌优势类群明显不同，原生土壤为Proteobacteria，含39种基因型，占总克隆子数的58.0%，退化生态系统土壤为Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria，分别含19种和15种基因型，占总克隆子数的32.5%和30.5%；与原生土壤细菌类群相比，退化生态系统土壤Proteobacteria类群明显减少，Acidobacteria类群明显增加。

The local decision space partitioning is given in the sense of maximum Bhattacharyya distance criterion. The optimality and the non-triviality of the partitioning scheme are proved. The reasonability of using Bhattacharyya distance as partitioning criterion is analyzed. The simulation results show that the partitioning method based on Bhattacharyya distance criterion is superior to that based on J-diversity criterion.

研究了基于 Bhattacharyya 距离准则的决策空间优化划分问题，求出了在 Bhattacharyya 距离最大意义下的决策空间划分方法，证明了这种决策空间划分方法的最优性和非退化性，分析了选择 Bhattacharyya 距离作为划分准则的合理性，并进行了计算机仿真比较，结果表明基于 Bhattacharyya 距离准则的决策空间优化划分优于基于最大 J-散度准则的决策空间划分。

It also can be used as alternative antigen of newgeneration vaccine.In this experiment,we screen the major protective antigen hsp65 gene of MAP in order to developnew vaccine especially the DNA vaccine for the prevention of paratuberculosis disease.The hsp65 genewas amplified from MAP C-2 chromosomal DNA by using the PCR technique.We gained a hsp65 gene of 1 626bp.Then PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector by T-A clone technique and therecombinant clone was identified by plasmid size,enzyme digestion and PCR identification.The cloneplasmid of pGEM-T- hsp65 was successfully constructed.The nucleotide sequence and deduced aminoacid sequence ofclone gene was analyzed by DNASTAR software.The result indicated that the size ofhsp65 gene consist with M.paratuberculosis K-10 strain in GenBank and the sequential homogeneityreached 99.1%,the amino acid homogeneity reached 99.3%.The preceding analysis indicated that thehsp65 gene was very conservative in M.paratuberculosis.

为了研发预防副结核病的新型疫苗尤其是DNA疫苗及相关蛋白功能，本研究选择了MAP的主要保护性抗原Hsp65蛋白，以副结核分枝杆菌C-2株染色体DNA为模板，以hsp65基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增，获得了1 626bp的hsp65基因，通过T-A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至pGEM-T Vector中，以质粒大小、酶切分析、PCR扩增及序列分析鉴定重组克隆，成功地构建出克隆质粒pGEM-T-hsp65，以DNASTAR软件分析了所克隆基因的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列，结果表明，所获得的hsp65基因与GenBank中MAPK-10株该基因核苷酸大小完全一致，两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.1％，氨基酸序列的同源性为99.3％，表明该基因在副结核分枝杆菌中高度保守。

According to disadvantage of AS that the speed low of convergentiss and easily entering the stagnation,improving the AS in some aspect by the way that importing pheromone windows that the value of pheromone cannot exceed the window,only deposit the pheromone on the edge that belongs to the iteration shortest solution path,releasing additional pheromone to the edge belongs to the so-far shortest solution path,judging the situation of convergent and to reinitialize pheromone,optimizing the solutions by local search procedure at the end of every iteration,modifying the transition probability by add some problem specific parameters and so on.

本文主要运用蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization，ACO)来求解VRP。针对蚁群算法收敛性比较差，易于停滞的缺陷，通过使用信息素窗口限制、信息素的最大最小值，只更新信息素迭代中最好解，增加了精英的蚂蚁，信息素重新初始化之前先判断出汇聚情况，在每次迭代过程中加入局部的搜索进行优化，在对蚁群算法进行了优化时考虑选择概率当中加入与问题的相关参数等措施，从而使蚁群算法的收敛性得到大大提高，避免了算法的停滞现象。

This paper prepares to probe into the characteristic and regularity of Convertible Bond running in our capital market, to pull Convertible Bond into successful practice by virtue of the link of the theories of Convertible Bond, such as Convertible Bonds factors-planning, the choice of issuing time, the influence to financial structure, pricing-model, etc, and the running situations of the issued Convertible Bond.

本文拟就可转换债券的重要理论，如可转换债券的股性和债性、可转换债券的要素设计、发行时机的选择、对财务结构的影响、定价模型、价值构成、投融资风险等，再结合我国已发行的可转换债券的运行情况，以探讨可转换债券在我国资本市场运行的特点和规律，以推进可转换债券在我国的成功实践。

This paper prepares to probe into the characteristic and regularity of Convertible Bond running in our capital market, to pull Convertible Bond into successful practice by virtue of the link of the theories of Convertible Bond, such as Convertible Bond's factors-planning, the choice of issuing time, the influence to financial structure, pricing-model, etc, and the running situations of the issued Convertible Bond.

本文拟就可转换债券的重要理论，如可转换债券的股性和债性、可转换债券的要素设计、发行时机的选择、对财务结构的影响、定价模型、价值构成、投融资风险等，再结合我国已发行的可转换债券的运行情况，以探讨可转换债券在我国资本市场运行的特点和规律，以推进可转换债券在我国的成功实践。

Effectively integrated the mine physical natural environment information into the mine virtual environment, the MSNE model can enrich enormously the virtual environment knowledge and enhance its practicabilityThirdly, the modeling method of virtual human in MIVE was studied systematically and an intelligent virtual miner model was constructed. The intelligent miner has lifelike human appearance and possesses abroad ability of perception, motion, behavior, cognition and mental state. And a behavior control model based on the simpled consumption architecture was proposed to select, activate and terminate the basic reactive behavior for virtual miner. And some intelligent behaviors including vision perception, path planning and self-determining ramble also were studied. The intelligence and interaction of virtual environment are just embodied by the intelligent life, especially by the intelligent behaviors of virtual human.

第三，系统地研究了煤矿智能虚拟环境中虚拟人的建模方法，构造了具有逼真拟人外形的，拥有感知、运动、行为、认知、内部属性等广泛能力的智能虚拟矿工模型，提出了基于简化包容式结构的行为控制模型，负责基本反应行为的选择、激活与终止等功能，研究了虚拟矿工的视觉感知、路径规划、自主漫游等智能行为，增强了煤矿虚拟环境的智能性、友好性和交互性，这也是传统煤矿VR系统所欠缺的。

By using the exist- ence result of VF- ICP and VF - IVIP with single - valued mappings and the continuous selection theorem due to Ding,Kim and Tan, solution existence for GVF- ICP and GVF- IVIP is derived under suitable assumptions.

通过具单值映象的向量F-隐补问题和向量F-隐变分不等式问题解的存在性的研究和使用Ding，Kim和Tan的连续选择定理，在适当假设下证明了CVF-ICP和GVF-IVIP解的存在性，推广了其他人的结果。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。