性选择的

By choosing the proper parameters, we can prove that the new method has global and superlinear convergence properties under suitable conditions.

通过选择适当的参数，证明了改进的BFGS方法对于一类更广的搜索准则保持局部收敛性，在Wolfe搜索准则下方法还具有超线性收敛性。

The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

These results suggest that:(1) kin recognition is primary mechanism of inbreeding avoidance in estrus female root voles;(2) memory of a siblings scent may be a mechanism of sibling recognition by estrus females, and familiarity after weaning can reinforce permanence of this memory;(3) post coital familiarity may be a mechanism of maintaining inbreeding avoidance in female root voles.

故认为：断奶后嗅觉识别持久力是发情雌性根田鼠亲属识别的机制，亲属识别是最初发情的雌性根田鼠配偶选择中近交回避的首要途径和机制，熟悉性是维持雌性根田鼠配偶选择实现近交回避的机制和特征。

Multiple sizes or alternative facepiece designs can provide the individual with additional options for obtaining a good fit and seal.

不同的号型或不同的面罩设计可以给使用者提供更多选择，取得良好的适合性和密合性。

The silicone rubber membrane used in SRMBR is a polymer-made non-porous material. It is hydrophobe and non-permeable to inorganic salt, and has the high selective ethanol permeability. Compared to the conditional separation technology, the pervaporation through SRM has the advantages of low-cost and low-pollution, especially applicable to separating volatile matter from organic matter-water system or organic-organic matter system.

其中的硅橡胶膜作为一种均相聚合物材料无孔膜，具有不透无机盐成分、疏水和对乙醇有较高选择透过性等特点；与传统分离技术相比，硅橡胶膜的渗透蒸发分离过程具有低能耗、污染少等优点，尤其适用于在有机物-水或有机物-有机物体系中分离挥发性有机物组分，现已用于发酵下游产物分离处理的试验研究中，并取得初步成效。

Based on these observations, we hypothesised that (1) the length of the breeding season, food resources and predation are critical for the evolution of passerine reproductive patterns in alpine meadows;(2) that alpine meadow passerines used single-investment and accumulative-investment strategies;(3) that the typical clutch size was actually the most efficient for reproductive purposes;(4) and that the transition from neonate to fledgling passerines is a relatively fixed process as compensatory growth does not appear to occur;(5) and that growth period is volatile.

高寒草甸雀形目鸟类受适合繁殖季节长度、食物资源和捕食压力的影响，或选择逐步投资对策，或选择一次投资对策；每个种群的常见窝卵数就是最适窝卵数；雏鸟的发育模式相对固定，不存在补偿性生长，但是生长期长度是可变化的。

It chooses injector\'s capacity of tolerance and the size of injector by the touch keyboard. It displays real time infliction axis direction, distortion distance, keep time, interior hydraulic pressure, separatory power and other performance, which can be print the result of measuring by machine.

并由触摸键进行选择注射器的公称容量，并在测试过程中显示装配施加的轴向力、扭矩，保持时间、内部水压、分离力，可测试注射器和注射针的漏液、漏气、分离力、旋开扭矩、易装配性、抗滑丝性、应力开裂等各项性能，可由机载打印机打印出测试结果。

Methods: 83 cases convalescent cerebral infarction, which Diagnosis both fitted atheroscleroticand apoplexy involving both collateral and meridian(blood stasis congesting brain vessel syndrome), were selected to observe the curative effect of Xi-chen-tong-shu capsule.

摘 要：目的：观察希臣通舒胶囊治疗脑梗死恢复期的疗效。方法：选择83例既符合中医中风病之中经络证，又符合西医诊断、病程在恢复期内（即发病≥2～4周）的动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死不伴意识障碍者，观察希臣通舒胶囊对其的临床疗效。

Based on the practice of nectarine breeding,the systematical inheritance of peel tomenta, flesh color ,pollen fertility and flavor of parents and their hybridization offsprings was analysed.

结合油桃育种实践，对亲本、杂交后代的果皮茸毛、肉色、花粉育性、果实风味等性状进行了系统遗传分析，结果进一步证实了果皮茸毛、肉色、花粉育性3个性状各由1对等位基因控制，其中果皮有茸毛对无茸毛、白肉对黄肉、花粉可育对败育均呈完全显性，且这3对等位基因分别呈独立遗传，无互作效应；选择甜风味的品种作亲本，杂交后代出现甜油桃单株的比例较高。

When complete a deep and ultra-deep well casing program, especially a gas well, strength design, thread sealing design and anticorrosion design are needed to introduce. Meanwhile, many factors including external loadings, casing strength models selection, plastic rock creep stress, intermediate casing wear, temperature effect, thread air tight ability are necessarily considered.

认为对于深井超深井套管，尤其是气井必须引入强度设计、密封设计、防腐蚀设计，需要从外载的计算、强度模型的选择、塑性岩石蠕动引起的载荷、技术套管磨损、温度效应、螺纹的密封性以及套管本身强度的选择等方面进行研究。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。