性质上的

In theory American air quality permit is regarded as an aforetime full-out permit. In practice this system emphasizes the obligation of the enterprises and renewal of the technology. Emissions trading system has been developed on the basis of air quality system and ...

美国的空气质量许可证制度有周密细致的法律法规和先进成熟的科学技术作为支持，在理论上其性质定位为一种事先的全面的许可，在实践上许可证的执行强调企业的责任和技术的更新，并引入排污削减指标的交易政策把环保事业推向市场，这些都是我国的排污许可证制度所值得研究和学习的。

Taking the plate tectonics as leading theories, combining outcrop, seismic techniques, drilling and logging datum, inter-verifing manifold researching methods, The paper has amply researched the region. discussed the coupling relation of basin-mountain and the geodynamics system; analyzed geologic tectonic characteristics of the basin; confirmed superposed alteration in Mesozoic of the basin; recompartmentalized tectonic units of the researching region and the basin; studied the tectonic evolution of the basin since Mesozoic; ascertained four large tectonic layers and five tectonic evolution process stages in different ways of formation and tectonic alteration; established different tectonic stages、compages、models and sedimentary filled processes, based on the organic geochemistry and oil-gas geologic characteristics in middle Cenozoic of the basin, the conclusions have been summarized in the paper, such as:The primary source rock in lower Permian and subordinate source rock in upper Triassic are developed in the region with better quality, and secondary hydrocarbon is possible; The bearing system which is comparted by three large tectonic layers and two unconformity surfaces formed in Palaeozoic、upper Palaeozoic to Triassic and Cenozoic developing in the region, compounded with reservoirs of different lithology is developed in the region, while the property of tectonic fracture reservoir is better; Based on the analyzing petroleum accumulation elements and preserving conditions, the deep depressing belt in the north of Luoyang depression、Shiling-Yiyang folded fault belt in Yiyang depression and wide anticline belt in Yichuan depression are advantageous petroliferous region, Zhaizhen anticline in Luoyang depression and Shimen wide anticline on footwall of overthrust in Yichuan depression are optimum tectonic traps.

本文以板块构造理论为指导思想，采用露头区野外地质与盆地地震、钻井、测井资料密切结合，多种测试方法互检的研究方法，探讨了盆山耦合关系及其所控制的地球动力学系统；分析了研究区域和盆地地质结构构造特征，确定了中生代盆地的叠合改造性质，并重新划分区域构造单元和盆地构造单元，深入研究了洛阳—伊川盆地自中生代以来的构造演化；确定了成盆作用和构造改造作用的四大构造层和五期不同方式、方向的构造演化过程；建立了不同构造阶段的构造组合和样式及与构造相关的沉积充填过程；在此基础上通过多种有机地球化学指标，研究盆地中新生代油气地质特征，认为本区发育下二叠统区域主力烃源岩、上三叠统区域非主力烃源岩，两套烃源岩质量均较好，并具备二次生烃条件；认为本区发育古生界、上古生界—三叠系和新生界三大构造层、两个不整合界面分隔、不同岩性储集层叠置组合和构造裂隙型储集层的复式储集体系，其中构造裂隙型储集层储集性能较好；依据油气成藏条件和保存条件分析，认为洛阳凹陷北部深凹带、宜阳凹陷内石陵—宜阳褶断带以及伊川凹陷伊川宽阔背斜带为较有利含油气区，有利的构造圈闭是洛阳凹陷翟镇背斜和伊川凹陷的石门逆冲断层下盘的宽缓背斜

The unit bottom was the unconformity developed by Wuling Movement, and the unit top was overlapped by glacial deposition of Nanhua System. What\'s more, an unconformity can be found in Northern Guizhou and North-western Hunan. At the same time, this boundary was an important transformation between different deposition types: Banxi Group was rift basin deposition with flysch suite, and bearing a vast amount of pyroclasts, and this suggests that there was strong activity of crust. But the overlapping glacial deposition stood for steady deposition with penecaprock characteristic, and under unique climate environment.

下为武陵运动形成的角度不整合面所限；其上被南华冰期沉积所超覆，在黔北—湘西北可见角度不大的不整合，而且这一界面是两个不同沉积类型或建造之间的一个转换：板溪群为具有复理石韵律的裂谷系充填，其中发育大量火山碎屑沉积，显示较强的地壳活动性；而上覆的南华冰期沉积所代表的是一个具有准盖层性质的、独特气候环境下的稳定沉积。

In the last chapter, on the basis of theories in paper [4, 5], the notions of strong mixing, weak mixing, generator and expansion of the variable-parametric dynamical system are introduced, it turns out that in variable-parametric dynamical system strong mixing implies weak mixing and then implies transitivity; it is proved that if and both are variable-parametric dynamical system, F conjugates with G , the members of F are communicate with each other and the members of G are also communicate with each other, what's more, they are both homeomorphism, then F is strong mixing implies G has the same properties; futhermore, we prove that F is strong mixing implies F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification in variable-parametric dynamical system and that F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification if and only if G Devaney chaos in the sense of modification when semi-conjugate with and they both are communicate and homeomorphism; at last, we illustrate that F has generator if and only if it has weak generator, and we also prove that if F is expansion, then F has generator.

在第三章中，我们在文[4，5]的基础上，提出了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合、拓扑弱混合以及变参数动力系统的生成子、扩张的概念；证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含拓扑弱混合，进而蕴含拓扑传递；证明了：如果，为两个变参数动力系统，F与G拓扑半共轭，且F两两可交换，G两两可交换，它们均为同胚映射，那么F拓扑强混合，则G也有同样的性质；本章还证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；在此基础上得出了：如果变参数动力系统与变参数动力系统拓扑半共轭，它们都两两可交换，并且它们均为同胚映射，那么F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌当且仅当G在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；得出了F有生成子当且仅当F有弱生成子；如果F是扩张的，则F有生成子。

The dissertation will study some problems in stream ciphers. The main results that the author obtained are as follows:(1) The concept of fuzzy linear complexity is presented initially. The estimation problem of the fuzzy linear complexity of the random vector is studied, and a lot of upper bounds are given. The limit properties of fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are studied, and the limit theorem and the limit of variance of the fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are given.(2) The concept of fuzzy nonlinear complexity is presented initially.

本文在前人工作的基础上对序列密码中的一些问题进行了研究；所取得的主要研究成果综述如下：（1）首次提出了模糊线性复杂度的概念，对随机向量的模糊线性复杂度的均值进行了估计，给出了几个上界估计公式，并研究了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限性质，给出了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限定理及其方差的极限。

Colorful. People walked through the beginning period of radical modernism last century, entering into the classic、 romantic、rebelling、 self-contradicting late_industry period. From the icy cold mold、 concept、 regulation, starting the humanization、 characterization、 aiming at the individual work. From shock of the new art, rapidly arrived to the period of making people the center thoroughly , the realm of a little crazy modernism style, developped the person's individuality to extreme achievement, in the aspect of culture or art or architecture neither do not display the notional value in individuality.

人们走过了上世纪初现代主义的激进，进入了带有古典、浪漫、反叛、矛盾的后工业时期；从冰冷的模数，概念、规律，开始了人性化、个性化，针对个体的创作；从新艺术给人们心灵带来的震撼，急进到了彻底的以人为本的，带有点疯狂的后现代主义风格领域，将人的个体性质发挥到了极致，在文化、艺术、建筑的创作上无一不显示出个体观念的价值。

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上，得出以下结论和建议：在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房，地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别，规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求，明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求，明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

The quarrel was, au fond, personal and not political.

本质上，这是一场个人性质的争论，没有政治彩。

All other thermodynamic property expressions are derived from helmholtz energy with respect to temperature or density or both of them.

在此基础上，推导了基于Helmholtz能形式基本状态方程的各热力学性质表达式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。