性知识

The ambiguousness of domain expert knowledge is taken into account, and fuzzy mathematics is applied to describe qualitative knowledge and to construct fuzzy rule.

在知识表示模式的基础上，考虑工艺知识的模糊性，本文应用模糊技术描述工艺领域中的定性知识，构造了模糊规则。

From the perspective of the information processing of the knowledge workers and the inner trait of the knowledge work itself,the four main factors which would influence the difficulty of the knowledge work are put forward,which are complexity,uncertainty,incompletion and ambiguousness.

从知识工作者信息加工的角度出发，结合知识作业本身的特性，在总结以往文献的基础上，分析归纳出构成知识作业难度的主要因素是复杂性、不确定性、不完整性和模糊性。

The construction of the models is based on such theories as Theoretical Mechanic,Advanced Mathematics,Space Analytic Geometry,the Theory of Ship and Sea-keeping Theory.

在比较、分析国内外有关船舶波浪稳性的研究成果的基础上，运用理论力学、流体力学、高等数学、空间解析几何的基本原理和船舶原理、船舶耐波性、船舶抗沉性、势流理论的专业理论知识，提出了计算船舶波浪稳性的数学模型，并针对客滚船在波浪中的稳性变化进行了定量的计算和分析。

The roughness of knowledge embodies the granularity of knowledge in algebra view.Two concepts are defined in information view,which are information entropy of knowledge and conditional information entropy of knowledge.

在代数观点中，知识粗糙性体现了知识的粒度；而在信息观中，定义了知识的信息熵和条件信息熵。

Finally, it analyses the time complexity of the algorithm and researches how it is influenced by culture operator.3、The paper presents the evaluation standard of the GA's application capability. Basing on characters such as continuity, multi-peak, vibration, randomicity as well as large-scale, five functions are selected to test search ability and robustcity of co-evolution algorithm. Finally, it analyses the simulation result and researches the influence of algorithm brought by culture operators.4、Basing on the concept of collection overcast, it researches the task distribution issue and constitutes delaminated math model on task distribution issue. It puts out the co-evolution algorithm of subtask's decomposing. The experiment compare IGA、SGA to CN and validates the efficiency of co-evolution algorithm on the NP completeness issue.5、Being aim at the optimization issue of load of antenna near ground, it combines many GA strategies and puts forward strategic meme. And it puts out co-evolution algorithm of load of antenna design. And it emulates the optimization design of load of antenna near ground. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the continuum search issues of multi-variable and multi-peak value.6、Being aiming at the knowledge of image model matching, it adopts single meme and real code. It puts out fast co-evolution matching algorithm strategy. Basing on NPROD resemble measurement, I emulate the indiscrimination model matching and discrimination model matching. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the real code and real time search issue.

分析了算法的时间复杂度，研究了文化算子对算法时间复杂度的影响。3、提出了GA的应用性能评价标准，从连续性、多峰性、随机性、振荡性、广域性多个角度出发选择五个测试函数，对共同进化算法的搜索性能和鲁棒性作了函数优化的性能测试，分析了仿真结果，研究了文化算子对算法的影响。4、基于集覆盖的概念，研究了MAS中的任务分配问题，建立了任务分配问题的分层数学模型，给出了子任务分解共同进化算法，实验比较了IGA、SGA、CN，验证了共同进化算法对NP完全问题的有效性。5、针对近地天线加载优化设计问题，结合多种改进GA策略，提出了策略型拟子，给出天线加载设计的共同进化算法，对有耗半空间对称偶极子天线加载优化设计作了仿真实验，验证了共同进化算法对多变量多峰连续搜索问题上的有效性。6、针对图像模板匹配问题的领域知识，采用单类拟子和实数编码，给出快速共同进化匹配算法策略，基于NPROD相似度测度，仿真试验了无差别和有差别模板匹配，验证了共同进化算法对实数编码和实时性搜索问题上的有效性。

Based on cognition psychology and information entropy the author has proposed a simplifying algorithm that reduced the construction complexity degree.

2在粗糙集理论与挖掘算法的基础之上，研究了概念格的理论与知识表达方法，提出了具有完备性的分类知识的挖掘算法，构建了基于概念格的分类知识表达结构模型，并在认知心理学与信息熵的理论基础上，研究了降低概念格构造复杂度的简化算法。

On this account, to realize the educational fairness, we have to persist in the right concept of knowledge, contextuality, volubility and categorization of knowledge, adjust and reform education according to the concept of knowledge and three principles of rationality of education fairness.

为此，应该坚持正确的知识观基础：知识的境域性、价值型和类型化，并在知识观和教育公平的三个合理性原则的关照下对教育自身进行一系列的调整和变革，才能真正实现教育的内在公平。

Some scientists refuted intensely Zhang'theory, and did their utmost to demonstrate the uniquely correspondency between scientific knowledge and human being.

他们对科学知识及形上知识的看法遭到科学派的有力驳斥。后者则在机械论的视野下极力论证科学知识与人的存在之间的唯一对应性。

The former is to formulate and model static for decision-making, while the latter is combined with the dynamic question soling process.

陈述性表示主要是的静态描述，对事实和规律的分析，知识表示与推理可以分开处理；而过程性表示，表示与推理结合，知识表示就是求解程序，是动态的描述。

Formal Theory of context can be used in many areas of AI: Using the formal notion of context in representation and reasoning not only embodies context-dependency of knowledge, but also make representations simpler. Since the reasoning process can be localized, the efficiency and openness of systems are both improved. In Natural Language Understanding systems, formal theories of context provide a framework for representing ambiguity and make the process of disambiguating easier.

形式化的context概念可以用于AI的许多领域：在知识表示和推理中使用形式化的context概念，不仅能体现知识对context的依赖性；而且表示结果简洁，可以局部化推理过程，提高系统效率，建立开放的AI系统；context形式理论为语言歧义性的表示提供了一个形式框架并使消歧过程更方便；context决定了中肯性标准，从而有望改善智能信息检索系统的性能。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。