性知识

Nothing, however, is capable of being universally communicated but cognition and representation so far as appurtenant to cognition. For it is only as thus appurtenant that the representation is objective, and it is this alone that gives it a universal point of reference with which the power of representation of every one is obliged to harmonize.

除了知识和属于知识的表象外，没有什么是可普遍传达的，因为如果知性和属于知性的表象只单纯是客观的，并且由此拥有了一个普遍的结合点，通过它所有人的想象力都被强制协调一致。

Between the Chinese and American culture difference has accomplished the China and America classroom instruction difference, but this kind of difference comes from in the Chinese and American education idea and the educational system difference, the China elementary education attention knowledge accumulation and instills into, the attention trains the student to ask the same thought and the attention trains the student to the knowledge itself grasping, but US pays great attention to actually trains the student to carry on the solution actual problem using the knowledge ability, the attention trains the student to the knowledge innovation and the development, also the attention raises the student criticalness thought and the divergent thought.

中美文化之间的差异造就了中美课堂教学的差异，而这种差异来自于中美教育理念和教育制度上的不同，中国基础教育注重知识的积累和灌输，注重培养学生的求同思维和注重培养学生对知识本身的掌握，而美国却注重培养学生运用知识进行解决实际问题的能力，注重培养学生对知识的创新和拓展，且注重培养学生批判性思维和发散性思维。

This thesis try to discuss what kind of knowledge-diffusion model and knowledge-integration model would easily success in different innovation type from knowledge-based theory. The research methodology is case study of quality method and research target is knowledge intensive industry. The research has interviewed eight managers and concluded four case. Finally, we have some conclusion below

本研究尝试从知识基础论的角度出发来探讨在不同的创新类型之间，应采用何种的知识流通模式与知识整合机制较容易成功，研究方法采用质性研究之个案访谈法，研究对象为知识密集产业，总共访谈了八位高阶主管，并将之整理成四个个案，经由分析归纳后得到以下几点结论。

Concerning about the closed noninteractive literature-based KDD system, whose aim is to validate whether do exist logical relation between "Raynaud"s syndrome /fish oil" and "migraine headache/magnesium to test the feasibility of the arithmetic of the closed noninteractive literature-based KDD.

闭合式知识发现过程，目的是通过书目不相关联的"雷诺氏病／鱼油"、"偏头痛／镁"之间的逻辑关联的存在性，验证本文采用的闭合式知识发现算法在汉语文献中的可行性，若可行，则闭合式知识发现系统可以用来验证开放式知识发现系统提出的假设是否准确。

Theoretical research establishes tacitness, complexity and specificity as the key factor of knowledge characteristics, and measure knowledge transfer efficiency from the aspects of knowledge acquirement, knowledge usage, satisfaction and convenience.

理论研究确立了知识默示性、复杂性、专用性为知识特性的关键因素，并从知识获取程度、运用程度、满意程度、顺畅程度4个维度表征知识转移效率的高低。

Expressive guanxi as well as obligational guanxi had positive influence upon employees' cooperative communication, knowledge sharing and integration, and negative influence on employees' competitive communication.B.

从研究模型中关系对沟通及员工知识共享、知识整合的作用方向看，义务性、情感性关系的作用方向也是一致的，如对合作性沟通、员工知识共享和知识整合都有正向作用，对竞争性沟通的作用均是负向的。

In order to search value knowledge fast and conveniently from super large-scale data set, the paper provides a system called Knowledge Grid based on WSRF which simplifies and homogenizes the service-to-service interaction and the complexity is shielded effectively. Finally it describes the process of rapidly discovering distributed knowledge in Knowledge Grid.

为了从网格超大规模数据集中快速方便地查找到有价值的知识，提出了一种基于WSRF标准的知识网格环境，使得各种K-Grid服务更加简洁、均质化，屏蔽了资源自身的异构性和复杂性，最后描述了客户端在这种知识网格环境下快速发现分布式知识的过程。

The proportion of rents that firms get depends on their network capability. This reveals the essential relationships between network resource, network rents and network capability: First of all, network rents come from the network resources. Furthermore, network rent is the representative of the competitive advantage and the value of the network resource. Second, network resource is the foundation of the network capability, the function of network capability is activated in the process of using network resource by firm. It enables the network resource to be a potential value resource of the competitive advantage. At last, network capability activates the network rents in the network resource, and make sure that the firm get the additional benefit;(4) the network capability can be classified as: network visioning capability, network constructing capability, network operating capability and network constructing capability. Some factors, such as maturity of IT, openness of culture, management system involved, experience of participation in network, have a positive effect on the network capability of the firm;(5) the impact of network capability on innovation performance is realized through knowledge transfer between network partners, namely, knowledge transfer is the mediator; and (6) the type of innovation network, exporation network or exploitation network, has moderator effect on the relationship of network capability and knowledge transfer, and network capability and innovation performance as well. In the exploration network, network constructing capability has more effect on the performance of the knowledge transfer and innovation. In the exploitation network, network operating capability has more effect on the performance of the knowledge transfer and innovation.

通过对创新网络环境下网络资源、网络租金和网络能力的概念界定和内涵分析，本研究辨析了三者之间以及它们与竞争优势之间的本质关系：首先，网络资源是网络租金的来源，而网络租金是企业竞争优势的表征，也是网络资源的价值体现；其次，网络资源是网络能力的基础，而网络能力在运用网络资源的过程中发挥其作用，实现了网络资源成为竞争优势源泉的内在价值；最后，网络能力激活了蕴涵在网络资源中的网络租金，并确定企业获得这种额外收益的份额，网络租金正是网络能力发挥作用的成果；(4)企业网络能力可以分成网络规划能力、网络配置能力、网络运作能力和网络占位能力四种，本研究的实证结果表明企业的IT成熟度、文化开放度、网络管理体系和网络活动经验都能够正向影响企业的网络能力水平，因而企业可以通过改善上述各种因素的水平来实现提升企业网络能力的水平；(5)企业网络能力对企业创新绩效的促进作用更多地是通过正向影响知识转移实现的，即知识转移在其中起到了中介作用；(6)创新网络的类型，即探索型创新网络和利用型创新网络，分别在网络配置能力和网络运作能力与知识转移之间的关系中，以及在网络配置能力和网络运作能力与创新绩效之间的关系中起到调节作用，在探索性创新网络中，企业的网络配置能力对提升企业获得的知识转移绩效和创新绩效更为重要；而在利用性创新网络中，企业的网络运作能力对提升企业获得的知识转移绩效和创新绩效更为重要。

To explore factors of knowledge transfer and the relations between the factors and capacities of knowledge transfer (the maturity of knowledge management) in enterprises, the theories and methods of management and statistics were employed in the present study. Based on the analysis of processes in knowledge transfer and the core of knowledge management that refers to individuals, groups and organizations, a three-component model of knowledge transfer, which is the general model in this study, was obtained.

本研究主要探讨企业知识转移过程中的影响因素及其与转移能力的关系，基于管理学、统计学的理论与方法，从分析企业知识转移的根本过程出发，以个体、群体、组织为研究核心，从现有知识转移模型中推导出知识转移三元模型，通过10家企业的实证性研究，对这一理论模型进行了验证。

In this paper,we compare the knowledge graph ontology with other ontology,such as Aristotle's?Kant's and Peirce's.

本文从本体论的角度出发，将知识图的本体论分别与Aristotle、Kant和Peirce的三种知识表示的本体论进行了比较，表明知识图方法的有效性以及本原性，说明知识图是一种更为一般的知识表示方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。