性原细胞

To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.

为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性，我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法，研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动，结果表明：（1）热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害，粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感，实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响，说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性，但即使成为粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞，却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力，呈现不同程度的凋亡，所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞，更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成；（2）腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录，说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的；（3）正常兔睾丸组织中，〓在精原细胞和粗线期／双线期精母细胞中均有表达：cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加，于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。

Small intestinal biopsies showed subepithelial collagen deposition with varying degrees of villous atrophy and varying numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Four patients had previous biopsies showing enteropathic changes without collagen deposition. Seven cases were associated with collagenous colitis and 1 also had features of lymphocytic colitis. Three patients also had collagen deposition in gastric biopsies. One case was associated with lymphocytic gastritis. Celiac disease (CD, gluten-sensitive enteropathy) was documented in 4 patients. Five patients made a clinical improvement with combinations of a gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy. Two patients died of complications of malnutrition and 1 of another illness. Clonal T-cell populations were identified in 5 of 6 cases tested. Four of these patients improved clinically after treatment but 1 has died. Collagenous sprue evolved on a background of CD in 4 cases. There was no history of CD in others and these cases may be the result of a biologic insult other than gluten sensitivity.

小肠活检表现为上皮下胶原沉积，绒毛萎缩程度不一，上皮内淋巴细胞浸润数量不等。4例患者以往曾做过活检，表现为其他肠病改变，并没有胶原沉积。7例患者合并胶原性结肠炎，且1例还有淋巴细胞性结肠炎的特征。3例患者胃活检也发现有胶原沉积。1例患者合并淋巴细胞性胃炎。4例患者有乳糜泻（CD，谷蛋白敏感性肠病）病史。5例患者经无麸质饮食和免疫抑制治疗后，临床症状有所改善。2例患者因营养不良合并另一种疾病而死亡。6例患者做了T细胞受体基因重排，其中5例发现有克隆性T细胞群，这5例中有4例治疗后临床症状加重，且1例死亡。4例患者在CD的基础上病发胶原性口炎性腹泻；其余患者无CD病史，他们的发病也许是生物源性损害，而非谷蛋白敏感。

Microinjection was used to inject the sperm-like cells into oocytes and enucleate oocytes to observe the development situation of zygotes. Results The proportions of sperm-like cells induced by the three methods were 5.9%,1.6%,0.35% respectively.

但在体外研究SSCs诱导精子的很少，某些雄性性原细胞可以直接分化成精原细胞［6］，这提示具有一少部分雄性性原细胞维持在干细胞状态。

ResultsMacroscopic examination showed no excrescence,thrombus formation,arm fractures and corrosion.The devices were covered with collagen fibrosis and discrete endocardial cells,apparent inflammatory infiltration in the devices and around the devices 1 month after implantation.The implants were nearly endothelialized,while the inflammatory reaction relieved gradually,with myocardial cells ingrowth at the edges of the device 3 months after implantation.The devices were completely covered with endocardium and fibrous tissue.Moreover,endothelial cells could be found on the smooth microscrew adaptor.The inflammatory reaction diminished with a few chronic inflammatory cells existing.Neovascularization and lymphatic vessels ingrowth could be observed 6 months after implantation.

结果所有封堵装置表面均没有发现赘生物、血栓形成、支架发生断裂及被腐蚀；术后1个月，封堵装置表面被胶原纤维和散在内皮细胞所覆盖，大量炎症细胞浸润，封堵装置边缘有小灶性炎症细胞浸润；术后3个月，封堵装置表面几乎被内皮细胞所覆盖，炎症细胞较1个月时明显减少，封堵装置内见纤维化，封堵装置边缘心肌细胞浸入；术后6个月，封堵装置表面完全被心内膜和纤维组织所覆盖，伞尖表面光滑并有内皮细胞上爬，炎症反应明显消散，但仍有少量慢性炎症细胞存在，装置内有新生的血管、淋巴管长入。

The results show that the CD29, CD49, CD90 express in the gonium and the primary spermatogenous, but there are not expression in the oocyte, the second spermatogenous and the spermatocyte.

研究结果表明，CD29， CD49， CD90在雌性生殖腺各级卵母细胞中均不表达，位于生殖褶边缘的性原细胞中可见表达；在雄性生殖腺的初级精原细胞中表达，但在成团分布的次级精原细胞、各级精母细胞中均未表达。

There were the radicle polarity and the plumule polarity in differentiation of the first somatic embryogenesis.

此外，体细胞胚的发生和分裂是不同步的，往往在同一张切片上既可看到单个的胚性母细胞，又可见到二细胞、四细胞以致多细胞原胚并存的多样化原胚细胞群体。

Results The diagnostic correspondent rate of obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia by seminal spermatogenic cells examination was 85%, 95.1% respectively. The spermatogenic arrest at spermatid level, spermatocyte level and spermatogonium level or sertoli cells only were 14, 21 and 6 cases respectively.

结果 精液生精细胞学检查对梗阻性和非梗阻性无精症分型诊断的符合率分别为85%、95.1%。41例非梗阻性无精症中，生精阻滞阶段在精子细胞、精母细胞、精原细胞分别为14例2、1例和6例。

Results:14 cases of tescticular disease were proved histopathologically including trauma(4 cases),granulative inflammation(3 cases),seminoma3 ca...

结果：14例都经手术病理证实、其中4例外伤、3例肉芽肿性炎症、3例精原细胞瘤、2例睾丸结核、2例隐睾（1例并发精原细胞瘤），CT都存在具有诊断价值的征象。

Under normal temperature, anthers of not fertility restoration stopped developing in the stage of archesporical cell; 1-2 comers of a few anther could differentiate and form archesporical cell, sporogenous cells and microspore mother cell, but microspore mother cell disintegrated on the first meiotic division.

常温下，未发生育性恢复的花药在孢原细胞期就停止发育；少数花药1~2个角隅处可分化形成孢原细胞，造孢细胞，花粉母细胞，但花粉母细胞在减数分裂的第一次分裂时解体。

The results indicated: 1 .There is obvious difference between the gonads of precocious and unprecocious fish: in female, the ovaries of unprecocious fish stay in 141 stage, and are mainly consisted of oogonias and early oocytes; the ovaries of precocious fish have developed into IIIAV stage, most of the oocytes are in the large growth stage.

性早熟与未早熟大黄鱼性腺的发育有显著不同：未早熟鱼卵巢停留在Ⅰ～Ⅱ期，卵巢内主要由卵原细胞和早期卵母细胞所组成；性早熟大黄鱼卵巢已发育至Ⅲ～Ⅳ，卵巢内大多数卵母细胞处于大生长期中期或后期。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。