性别

And they have to carefully select the chief executive officer (minister without portfolio responsible for gender/women's affairs) to make sure that she has expertise, global perspective, managerial skills, political influence and commitment to feminist ideals.

二次战后，在联合国、欧盟、世界银行、APEC等国际组织和亚洲协会、福特基金会等美国援外机构大力促导之下，性别平等一直是国际社会关注的议题之一，并且随著国际政经情势的变化，以不同的语言，结合不同的策略，由外往内，给予各国政府压力和诱因，将性别平等建制化；同时也提供资金及论述，刺激和引导了在地妇女运动的发展。1946年联合国妇女地位委员会成立之后，以联合国为主的国际组织曾先后以提升妇女地位或促进性别平等为目标，要求各国政府设立妇女地位委员会(commission on the status of women)、发展妇女参与国家发展方案、设置妇女政策机制(women's policy machinery)或性别平等机制，均广为各国政府遵从，2004年165个国家都因而设有某种提倡两性平等的政府机制，1995年北京世界妇女大会提出性别主流化做为全球性策略之后，十余年间也蔚为国际风潮，甚至成为国家进步的指标。

Studies on sex control include five fields:sex determination,sex differentiation, sexualization, sex induction and sex control.

李志成 ，段建功，刘超家禽性别控制研究包括性别决定、性别分化、性别鉴定、性别诱导和性别控制5个方面。

Because the same sex determination gene fragment of fowl as SRY of mammal is not found, the discovered peculiar gene fragment in XhoI family will become the basic study of sex determination gene;The basis of sex differentiation is aromitic enzyme which controls sex hormone′s transformation; sex-linked inheritance and cloaca sexing will still bethe main methods of sexualization; a female can turn into a male through hormone in ducing and the changed female can turn into its genetic sexwhile a male can′t turn similarly.

家禽中虽未发现象哺乳动物SRY基因的性别决定片段，但XhoI家族中特异片段的发现可能成为性别决定基因研究的基础，性别分化的基础是控制性激素转型的芳香化酶；伴性遗传和泄殖腔鉴别法仍然是性别鉴定的主要方法；利用激素诱导只能使雌转雄而不能使雄转为雌，且转变后仍能恢复原来的遗传性别。

According to the representation of research results, the instructional activities designed by students responded the meanings of gender equity and the integrated into instructional practices on the dimensions of theory, development, and practical reflection, but there were more distances between their instructional practices and ideal gender equity framework. Their practices lacked the self-consciousness and empowerment for young children to understand and construct their gender equity consciousness, and dominated by traditional gender culture. It also was short of high level thinking and examining gender praxis for young children.

就研究结果呈现而言，学生设计的教学活动，在性别平等意涵之立论、教学活动发展方向，以及试教省思等内涵，虽能契合性别平等意识与性别平等融入教学之立论依据；但对於性别平等议题融入幼儿学习活动之建构与实践，仍与性别平等理想有一段不小的距离，且缺乏觉醒与彰显幼儿对於性别平等意识之认知绘图；且受限於传统性别文化的影响与制约，鲜少针对幼儿施以高层次的性别批判与省思之实践。

Basing on the inspection , the study deems that Gendered Education has influenced deeply by Chinese traditional gender discourse which emphasizes gender differences.The educational tradition integrates the male and female simultaneously, but it was restrained by the fetter of Gender Essentialism.Gender-neutral Education is the production of education resulted from gender discourse of gender equality in modern China.The educational tradition has challenged Gender Essentialism in Gendered Education and endowed the male and female with the identical education right, but it actually has fallen into the Masculinism.

经考察，本文认为：性别化教育深受中国传统男女有别社会性别话语的作用与影响，这种教育传统虽将男女两种社会性别同时纳入教育系统，但受制于了性别本质主义的束缚；性别中立教育是现代中国男女平等社会性别话语作用于教育的产物，这一教育传统挑战了性别化教育传统中的性别本质主义，赋予了男女两性相同的教育权利，但却逐步陷入了男性中心主义。

Moreover, most of them have already eliminated the scary part of image and only maintains the good wife one. Chapter five "genderal cultures in hetero-type marriage stores" discuss sources of those concepts and criticize them from feminine perspectives. This chapter emphasizes three aspects: rules for traditional wives in those stories, female images in those stories, and the communicative patter of the two sex in those stories. This chapter intends to find sexual cultures in the stories, explores discrimination in the patriarchic society and shows sympathy of it.

第五章〈异类婚恋故事所蕴藏的性别文化〉，采取综合讨论方式研究异类婚恋故事，一方面从社会背景追溯某些思想观念的渊源，另方面也参照当代女性主义思想加以批评，分就「异类婚恋故事中的妇职规范」、「异类婚恋故事的女性形象」以及「异类婚恋故事中的两性相处模式」三方面入手，主要是对异类婚恋故事做一统整，尝试找出故事里所反映的性别文化，以了解父权社会中的性别歧视、男性中心等现象，从而揭发女性在父权社会里的处境，并对其有著关怀与同情；另外，也关注故事里突破传统性别文化之处，因其提供了关於女性的新思维，让读者透过故事里不同既往的性别刻画，跳脱传统性别文化的拘囿，得以重新解读、认识女性的多元面貌。

Chapter two gives a deep analysis on sex selection and attributes its root to the influence of the Confucian culture. Sex discrimination is the social origin of sex selection, and its economic reason is due to the backward of agriculture economy and the unsounded social security system. The conflict between the "birth control" policy and people's partiality of boys is the direct cause of sex selection. And the current science development provides the possibility of technology for sex selection.

第二章主要对生育性别选择的深层次原因作了进一步讨论，提出传统儒家文化的影响是性别选择的文化根源，性别歧视是性别选择的社会根源，农业经济的落后和社会保障体系的不健全是其经济根源，计划生育基本国策和强烈的男孩偏好之间的矛盾是性别选择的直接原因，而当代科学技术的发展为实现生育性别选择提供了技术可能。

First, do not have and "the sex dislocation" jumbles together "the homosexuality", comrade and the sex dislocation all likes the homogeneity is has not been wrong, but the sex dislocation is does not approve own sex, thinks own psychological sex and the physiology maybe contradictory; But Gay then approves own physiological sex.

一、不要把&同性恋&和&性别错位&混为一谈，同志和性别错位都喜欢同性是没错，但是性别错位是不认可自己的性别，认为自己的心理性别和生理性别是矛盾的；而Gay则是认可自己的生理性别。

With the theory and methods of cultural philosophy, by analyzing the cultural existence of human being, the cultural origin of gender and the cultural dilemma of gender equality, this paper raises that culture is the essence of gender equality. In the light of consciousness absence of feminine main and their psychological self-binding, this paper also makes a deep exploration on the psychological enlightenment and the system construction of harmonious gender culture, putting forward some suggestions about the basic principles and contents on the system construction of harmonious gender culture.

文章运用文化哲学的理论与方法，通过对人的文化存在、性别问题产生的文化根源和性别平等的文化困境的分析，提出文化是性别平等问题本质的基本观点；针对女性主体性意识缺失和自我心理束缚问题，从性别文化的心理启蒙、和谐性别文化体系的建构两个方面进行了深入讨论，就和谐性别文化体系建构的基本原则与内容提出了建设性意见。

We have the honour to make this statement on human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity on behalf of 1 - We reaffirm the principle of universality of human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights whose 60th anniversary is celebrated this year, Article 1 of which proclaims that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights"; 2 - We reaffirm that everyone is entitled to the enjoyment of human rights without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, as set out in Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 2 of the International Covenants on Civil and Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as in article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 3 - We reaffirm the principle of non-discrimination which requires that human rights apply equally to every human being regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity; 4 - We are deeply concerned by violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms based on sexual orientation or gender identity; 5 - We are also disturbed that violence, harassment, discrimination, exclusion, stigmatisation and prejudice are directed against persons in all countries in the world because of sexual orientation or gender identity, and that these practices undermine the integrity and dignity of those subjected to these abuses; 6 - We condemn the human rights violations based on sexual orientation or gender identity wherever they occur, in particular the use of the death penalty on this ground, extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the practice of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrest or detention and deprivation of economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to health; 7 - We recall the statement in 2006 before the Human Rights Council by fifty four countries requesting the President of the Council to provide an opportunity, at an appropriate future session of the Council, for discussing these violations; 8 - We commend the attention paid to these issues by special procedures of the Human Rights Council and treaty bodies and encourage them to continue to integrate consideration of human rights violations based on sexual orientation or gender identity within their relevant mandates; 9 - We welcome the adoption of Resolution AG/RES.

附录：关于性倾向和性别认同联合声明中英文联合声明中文我们很荣幸地代表做出这一关于人权、性倾向和性别认同的声明 1 -如同宣布&所有人类生而自由，平等享有尊严和权利&的《世界人权宣言》——今年是该宣言发表60周年——第1条中所昭示的那样，我们重申人权的普遍性原则； 2 -如同《世界人权宣言》第2条和《公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第2条及《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第26条中所陈述的那样，我们重申所有人都有权享有人权，不受任何种类——如种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治观点或其他观点、国家或社会出身、财产、血统或其他身份——的区别对待； 3 -我们重申要求将所有人权平等应用于所有人类，无论其性倾向或性别认同如何的非歧视原则； 4 -我们深切关注基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权和基本自由的现象； 5 -我们还对世界各国由于性倾向或性别认同而针对人们的暴力、骚扰、歧视、排斥、污名化和偏见，以及这些做法破坏了遭受这些虐待者的完整性和尊严感到不安； 6 -我们谴责基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权行为，无论这些行为发生在哪里，尤其是以此为由使用死刑，法外处决、即审即决或任意处决，酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的做法，任意逮捕或拘留，以及剥夺经济、社会和文化权利，包括健康权； 7 -我们回想起2006年，五十四个国家在人权理事会面前发言，请求理事会主席提供一个未来在适当的理事会会议上讨论这些侵犯人权行为的机会； 8 -我们赞赏人权理事会特别程序和条约机构对这些问题给予的关注，并且鼓励他们继续将对基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权事件的考虑纳入其有关权限中； 9 -我们欢迎美洲国家组织大会在其2008年6月3日的第38次会议上通过了关于&人权、性倾向与性别认同&的AG/RES。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。