思想上

On the basis of a systematic collection and analysis of historical materials,the disserta-tion probes into the early appearance of a new mode of commercial legislative thinking in Chi-nese feudal society,the establishment of legal framework by western powers to serve fortheir economic invasion,the legal crisis in the development of Chinese national bourgeoise,the evolution of the commercial legislative thinking of Chinese national bourgeoisie,thecause,process and majar content of establishing commercial legislation by the Qing Dynasty,the Northern warlord and the ruling clique of Kuomingdang,as well as the ideological reasonwhy the Chinese commercial legislation between 1840 and 1930 failed to provide a effectivelegal framework for the modernization of Chinese economy.

本文在系统收集和整理史料的基础上，对中国封建社会内部出现的新型商事立法思想的萌芽，西方列强在华建立服务于其经济侵略的法律框架的活动，民族资产阶级在发展中所遇到的法律危机，民族资产阶级商事立法思想的发展过程（特别是其在清末、民初的发展），清政府、北洋军阀和国民党统治集团制定商法的原因、过程、主要内容，中国1840—1949年间商事立法不能为中国经济现代化提供完备、成熟、有效的制度基础的思想方面的原因等问题进行了尝试性的探索。

Though it is different from modern democratic thought ,it tends to shift naturally towards the latter in the developing process and the gap between the two is bridgeable.

它虽然还不是现代意义上的民主思想，但与民主思想并不存在不可逾越的鸿沟，而具有向民主思想发展的自然趋势。

Frist, the thesis expounds the historical limits, such as the tradi-tional fuedalism ideas like regale thoughts and the Celestial Empire ideas and miscarriage in diplomatic understanding. Secondly, the thesis expounds the active influences of Zeng" s modern diplomatic ideas, which are embodied in the next aspects: the influence of Zeng s diplomatic achievements, the influ-ence on the modernization of Chinese diplomacy and the strick on western pow-ers " force diplomacy.

首先主要从王权思想、天朝上国观念等封建传统观念和外交认识与失误等方面，阐述曾纪泽近代外交思想的历史局限；其次主要从曾纪泽外交成就的影响、对中国外交近代化的影响和对西方列强强权外交的冲击等方面论述曾纪泽近代外交思想的积极影响。

The ideology that stimulates effctual demand to assure full employment for Keynes and the "single rule" for Fridman who be representative of the modern monetarism, both of them were affected by Malthus' economic thought to a large extent,and has the direct inside contact for Malthus' principle of requirement and stabilize the administrant thought of circulating medium demand.

凯恩斯提出的刺激有效需求以保证充分就业的思想和现代货币主义的代表弗里德曼的"单一规则"在很大程度上都受马尔萨斯经济思想的影响。与马尔萨斯需求原理和稳定通货需求管理思想都有直接的内在联系。本文试就他们之间的内在联系进行分析。

The third part make the enlightenment as the angle of view, on the foundation that comb out the mercantilism ideasbasic connotation and put the mercantilism ideas into the background of society transformation, we can found the great enlightenment affect of the mercantilist ideas on economic values, machine building, industrial economy thinking and the theory of the international trade.

第三部分以启蒙意义为主线，在对早期维新派重商思想基本内涵进行梳理的基础上，把它放到传统农业社会向近代工业社会转型这一历史大背景中，突显其在中国近代经济价值观念(义利观、本末观、财富观)、机器生产思想、近代产业思想以及国际贸易理论形成过程中的重要启蒙作用。

Because of lighting the name of nationalism and weighting the contents of nationalism, Liang Chi-chao\'s nationalist ideas has very diverse manifestations, Many ideological doctrine including liberalism, socialism, cultural conservatism had closely associated with his nationalist ideology, Liang Chi-chao had been always followed to nationalism, However, he did not consider that national interests is paramount above everything, he strived to connect nationalism with freedom, democracy, constitutionalism, trying to achieve national interests and personal interests, nationalism and the cosmopolitism simultaneously.

由于轻民族主义之名重民族主义之实，梁启超民族主义思想的表现形态十分多样。自由主义、社会主义、文化保守主义等许多思想学说都与其民族主义思想有着密切的关联。尽管梁启超一直奉行民族主义，但他并没有走上国家、民族至上的不归之路，而是努力把民族主义与自由、民主、宪政等现代性价值相链接，力图实现国家利益与个人利益、民族主义与世界主义的统一。

On the basis of analysis of the human-centered idea implied in American postgraduate education, this thesis expounds the ideological foundation of the idea from the aspects of culturology, philosophy and psychology. Its purpose is to explore an approach for the innovation and development of Chinese postgraduate education.

本文在深入分析美国研究生教育中所蕴涵的人本思想的基础上，从文化学、哲学、心理学的角度阐释人本思想形成的思想基础，旨在探寻一条我国研究生教育的变革与发展之路。

At the very center of this system of ideas---the keystone---the base upon which all else is built, is the individual's "ego ideal", his "self-image", or his conception of himself.

在这个思想体系的最中心--最基础思想--其他思想均建立在其上的基础思想就是一个人的"自我理想"，他的"自我形象"，或自我概念。

This dissertation intends to probe into James's reflection and reconstruction of American culture by analyzing four of his great novels. It argues that Henry James, on reflecting the American cultural tradition based on Emersonian ideas, and following Matthew Arnold's great vision of cultural combination, put forward an ideal cultural pattern combining the American freedom and morality with the European intelligence and aesthetic experience. Henry James's cultural conceptualization is, in this sense, a supplement to the traditional American idealistic individualism.

论文认为，詹姆斯在对以爱默生为代表的美国传统文化思想进行反思的基础上，以马修·阿诺德(Matthew Arnold，1822-1888)的文化融合思想作为借鉴的对象，提出了一种融美国的自由精神、道德力量与欧洲的经验、审美于一体的理想的文化模式，这一构思是对美国传统理想型个人主义思想的补充与完善。

Chapter 5 puts forward my advices about the current thoughtful and political education of the graduate students .

第五章是"关于加强当前研究生思想政治工作的对策研究"，在新观念、新思想的基础上，探讨建立合理的工作体系，采取一些新的工作模式，把握研究生思想政治工作的切入点。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新